Zaaqoq Akram M, Khasawneh Faisal A, Smalligan Roger D
Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA ; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA ; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA ; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA.
Cardiol Res Pract. 2015;2015:302638. doi: 10.1155/2015/302638. Epub 2015 Jan 11.
Prolonged survival in HIV infection is accompanied by an increased frequency of non-HIV-related comorbidities. It is suggested that cardiovascular diseases (CVD) occur earlier among HIV-positive patients compared with HIV-negative patients, and at a higher rate. Several factors have been proposed which can be categorized into traditional and nontraditional risk factors. Immune dysfunction is a nontraditional risk factor that contributes significantly to cardiovascular pathology. Markers of inflammation are elevated in HIV-infected patients, and elevations in markers such as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, D-dimer, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) have been associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease. However, the data currently suggest the most practical advice is to start antiretroviral therapy early and to manage traditional risk factors for CVD aggressively. A better understanding of the mechanisms of CVD in this population and further efforts to modify chronic inflammation remain an important research area.
HIV感染患者的长期生存伴随着非HIV相关合并症发生频率的增加。有研究表明，与HIV阴性患者相比，HIV阳性患者心血管疾病（CVD）的发病时间更早，且发病率更高。已提出了几个因素，可分为传统风险因素和非传统风险因素。免疫功能障碍是一种非传统风险因素，对心血管病理有显著影响。HIV感染患者体内炎症标志物水平升高，高敏C反应蛋白、D-二聚体和白细胞介素-6（IL-6）等标志物水平的升高与心血管疾病风险增加有关。然而，目前的数据表明，最切实可行的建议是尽早开始抗逆转录病毒治疗，并积极控制CVD的传统风险因素。更好地了解该人群中CVD的发病机制以及进一步努力改善慢性炎症仍是一个重要的研究领域。
