Hornok Sándor, Mester Anita, Takács Nóra, Baska Ferenc, Majoros Gábor, Fok Éva, Biksi Imre, Német Zoltán, Hornyák Ákos, Jánosi Szilárd, Farkas Róbert
Department of Parasitology and Zoology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent István University, Budapest, Hungary.
Veterinary Clinic, Mester tanya, Bátonyterenye, Hungary.
Parasit Vectors. 2015 Feb 4;8:69. doi: 10.1186/s13071-015-0685-9.
Reports on Sarcocystis-infection of cattle are outdated or lacking in many European countries, including those in the Central-Eastern part of the continent. Therefore, to assess the prevalence of Sarcocystis spp. among bovids in Hungary, a countrywide survey was initiated. In addition, fulminant deaths of four cattle, that showed clinical signs and post mortem lesions resembling acute sarcocystiosis ("Dalmeny disease"), were investigated.
During the countrywide survey individual heart and oesophagus samples were collected at slaughterhouses from 151 beef cattle and from 15 buffalo, kept in 31 places of Hungary. Analysis for Sarcocystis spp. was carried out with conventional PCRs for the 18S rDNA gene and gel electrophoresis, followed by sequencing of 36 strongly positive samples. Mortality cases were evaluated by histological, molecular, bacteriological and virological analyses of samples from various organs.
Among slaughtered cattle the rate of Sarcocystis-infection was 66%. S. cruzi was identified as the most prevalent species in aurochs-like breed, and the zoonotic S. hominis in Hungarian grey cattle. Concerning the sudden deaths of cattle, Sarcocystis-infection could not be demonstrated in organs showing haemorrhages, but S. cruzi cysts were present in the muscles. In one case "S. sinensis" was molecularly identified in the blood (indicating sarcocystaemia). Results of analyses for bacterial/viral pathogens were negative.
S. cruzi appears to be the most prevalent Sarcocystis sp. in cattle in Hungary, followed by the zoonotic S. hominis. However, the rate of infection with both species was shown to differ between cattle breeds. The suspected role of Sarcocystis spp. as causative agents of the fatal cases could not be confirmed.
在包括欧洲大陆中东部国家在内的许多欧洲国家，关于牛感染肉孢子虫的报道已经过时或缺乏。因此，为了评估匈牙利牛科动物中肉孢子虫属的流行情况，开展了一项全国性调查。此外，还对四头出现临床症状且死后病变类似于急性肉孢子虫病（“达尔梅尼病”）的牛的暴发性死亡进行了调查。
在全国性调查中，从匈牙利31个地方饲养的151头肉牛和15头水牛身上，于屠宰场采集了心脏和食管的个体样本。采用针对18S rDNA基因的常规PCR和凝胶电泳对肉孢子虫属进行分析，随后对36个强阳性样本进行测序。通过对来自各个器官的样本进行组织学、分子学、细菌学和病毒学分析，对死亡病例进行评估。
在屠宰的牛中，肉孢子虫感染率为66%。在类似原牛的品种中，克氏肉孢子虫被确定为最普遍的种类，而在匈牙利灰牛中为人兽共患的人肉孢子虫。关于牛的突然死亡，在出现出血的器官中未发现肉孢子虫感染，但在肌肉中存在克氏肉孢子虫囊肿。在一例中，血液中分子鉴定出“中华肉孢子虫”（表明存在肉孢子虫血症）。细菌/病毒病原体的分析结果为阴性。
克氏肉孢子虫似乎是匈牙利牛中最普遍的肉孢子虫种类，其次是人兽共患的人肉孢子虫。然而，这两种寄生虫的感染率在不同牛品种之间存在差异。肉孢子虫属作为致命病例病原体的可疑作用尚未得到证实。
