Institut Jacques Monod, Centre Nationale pour la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 7592, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75205 Paris, France.
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2015 Mar;16(3):190-202. doi: 10.1038/nrm3943. Epub 2015 Feb 4.
Transcription termination occurs when the polymerase is released after a transcription event, thus delimitating transcription units; however, the functional importance of termination extends beyond the mere definition of gene borders. By determining the cellular fate of the generated transcripts, transcription termination pathways shape the transcriptome. Recent reports have underscored the crucial role of these pathways in limiting the extent of pervasive transcription, which has attracted interest in post-initiation events in gene expression control. Transcription termination pathways involved in the production of non-coding RNAs - such as the Nrd1-Nab3-Sen1 (NNS) pathway in yeast and the cap-binding complex (CBC)-ARS2 pathway in humans - are key determinants of transcription quality control. Understanding the mechanisms leading to the timely and efficient dismantling of elongation complexes remains a major unmet challenge, but new insights into the molecular basis of termination at mRNA-coding and non-coding RNA gene targets have been gained in eukaryotes.
转录终止发生在聚合酶在转录事件后释放时，从而限定转录单位；然而，终止的功能重要性不仅限于仅仅定义基因边界。通过确定生成的转录本的细胞命运，转录终止途径塑造了转录组。最近的报告强调了这些途径在限制普遍转录程度方面的关键作用，这引起了人们对基因表达控制中起始后事件的兴趣。参与非编码 RNA 产生的转录终止途径 - 例如酵母中的 Nrd1-Nab3-Sen1 (NNS) 途径和人类中的帽结合复合物 (CBC)-ARS2 途径 - 是转录质量控制的关键决定因素。了解导致延伸复合物及时有效解体的机制仍然是一个主要的未满足的挑战，但在真核生物中，已经获得了关于 mRNA 编码和非编码 RNA 基因靶标终止的分子基础的新见解。
