Ulas Mustafa, Orhan Cemal, Tuzcu Mehmet, Ozercan Ibrahim Hanifi, Sahin Nurhan, Gencoglu Hasan, Komorowski James R, Sahin Kazim
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, P.O. Box 23119, Elazig, Turkey.
Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Disorders, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, P.O. Box 23119, Elazig, Turkey.
BMC Complement Altern Med. 2015 Feb 5;15:16. doi: 10.1186/s12906-015-0537-3.
Chromium (Cr) is commonly used as a complementary medicine for diabetes mellitus. Several studies suggest that Cr intakes may improve glucose metabolism and decrease oxidative stress. Therefore, we aimed to assess the effects of chromium histidinate (CrHis) supplementation using a range of reliable biomarkers of oxidative damage and histopathological changes in rats with diabetic retinopathy.
Diabetes was induced with streptozotocin [(STZ), 55 mg/kg] by intraperitoneal injection in male Long-Evans rats. Three weeks after STZ injection, rats were divided into four groups, namely, untreated normal controls, normal rats receiving CrHis (110 μg/kg/day); untreated diabetics and diabetics treated with CrHis (110 μg/kg/day) orally for 12 weeks.
In the untreated diabetic group, levels of serum glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), total cholesterol (TC) and retina malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly increased, while expressions of retina insulin, and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT 1) and glucose transporter 3 (GLUT3) and level of serum insulin were decreased. CrHis supplementation was found to reduce the levels of glucose, HbA1c, total cholesterol and MDA and to improve the GLUT1, GLUT3 and insulin expressions in STZ-induced diabetic rats. CrHis prevents the changes in the expressions of GLUT1, GLUT3 and insulin and the level of MDA in the retina tissue, confirming the protective effect of CrHis supplementation against the retinopathy caused by STZ. Histopathologic findings suggest that the CrHis-treated diabetic group had normal retinal tissue appearance compared with the untreated diabetic group.
These results verify that CrHis has critical beneficial effects against retinal complications. Although detailed studies are required for the evaluation of the exact mechanism of the ameliorative effects of CrHis against diabetic complications, these preliminary experimental findings demonstrate that CrHis exhibits antidiabetic effects in a rat model of diabetic retinopathy by regulating the glucose metabolism and suppressing retinal tissue damage.
铬（Cr）通常用作糖尿病的辅助药物。多项研究表明，摄入铬可能改善葡萄糖代谢并降低氧化应激。因此，我们旨在使用一系列可靠的氧化损伤生物标志物和组织病理学变化，评估补充组氨酸铬（CrHis）对糖尿病性视网膜病变大鼠的影响。
通过腹腔注射链脲佐菌素（STZ，55mg/kg）诱导雄性Long-Evans大鼠患糖尿病。STZ注射三周后，将大鼠分为四组，即未治疗的正常对照组、接受CrHis（110μg/kg/天）的正常大鼠；未治疗的糖尿病组和口服CrHis（110μg/kg/天）治疗12周的糖尿病组。
在未治疗的糖尿病组中，血清葡萄糖、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）、总胆固醇（TC）和视网膜丙二醛（MDA）水平显著升高，而视网膜胰岛素、葡萄糖转运蛋白1（GLUT1）和葡萄糖转运蛋白3（GLUT3）的表达以及血清胰岛素水平降低。发现补充CrHis可降低STZ诱导的糖尿病大鼠的葡萄糖、HbA1c、总胆固醇和MDA水平，并改善GLUT1、GLUT3和胰岛素的表达。CrHis可防止视网膜组织中GLUT1、GLUT3和胰岛素表达以及MDA水平的变化，证实补充CrHis对STZ引起的视网膜病变具有保护作用。组织病理学结果表明，与未治疗的糖尿病组相比，CrHis治疗的糖尿病组视网膜组织外观正常。
这些结果证实CrHis对视网膜并发症具有关键的有益作用。尽管需要进行详细研究以评估CrHis改善糖尿病并发症的确切机制，但这些初步实验结果表明，CrHis通过调节葡萄糖代谢和抑制视网膜组织损伤，在糖尿病性视网膜病变大鼠模型中表现出抗糖尿病作用。
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