Faculty of Sports Sciences, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey.
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Firat University, 23119, Elazig, Turkey.
J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2018 Sep 15;15(1):45. doi: 10.1186/s12970-018-0249-4.
Chromium histidinate (CrHis) and biotin are micronutrients commonly used to improve health by athletes and control glycaemia by patients with diabetes. This study investigates the effects of 8-week regular exercise training in rats together with dietary CrHis and biotin supplementation on glucose, lipids and transaminases levels, as well as protein expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-κB).
A total of 56 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 8 groups of 7 animals each and treated as follows: Control, CrHis, Biotin, CrHis+Biotin, Exercise, CrHis+Exercise, Biotin+Exercise, and CrHis+Biotin+Exercise. The doses of CrHis and biotin were 400 μg/kg and 6 mg/kg of diet, respectively. The training program consisted of running at 30 m/min for 30 min/day at 0% grade level, 5 days per week, once a day for 6 weeks. Serum glucose, total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), triglycerides (TG), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were measured with an automatic biochemical analyzer. Muscle and liver PPAR-γ, IRS-1 and NF-κB expressions were detected with real-time polymerase chain reaction.
Regular exercise significantly (p < 0.001) decreased glucose, TC and TG levels, but increased HDL cholesterol. Dietary CrHis and biotin supplementation exhibited a significant (p < 0.001) decrease in glucose (effect size = large; ƞ2 = 0.773) and TG (effect size = large; ƞ2 = 0.802) levels, and increase in HDL cholesterol compared with the exercise group. No significant change in AST and ALT (effect size = none) levels was recorded in all groups (p > 0.05). CrHis/biotin improves the proteins expression levels of IRS-1, PPAR-γ, and NF-κB (effect size: large for all) in the liver and muscle of sedentary and regular exercise-trained rats (p < 0.001).
CrHis/biotin supplementation improved serum glucose and lipid levels as well as proteins expression levels of PPAR-γ, IRS-1 and NF-κB in the liver and muscle of exercise-trained rats, with the highest efficiency when administered together. CrHis/biotin may represent an effective nutritional therapy to improve health.
三价铬组氨酸（CrHis）和生物素是两种常用的微量营养素，运动员常用来改善健康，糖尿病患者常用来控制血糖。本研究旨在探讨 8 周常规运动训练联合补充铬组氨酸和生物素对大鼠血糖、血脂和转氨酶水平，以及过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ（PPAR-γ）、胰岛素受体底物-1（IRS-1）和核转录因子 kappa B（NF-κB）蛋白表达水平的影响。
56 只雄性 Wistar 大鼠随机分为 8 组，每组 7 只，分别给予以下处理：对照组、CrHis 组、Biotin 组、CrHis+Biotin 组、运动组、CrHis+运动组、Biotin+运动组和 CrHis+Biotin+运动组。CrHis 和生物素的剂量分别为 400μg/kg 和 6mg/kg 饮食。训练方案包括以 30m/min 的速度在 0%坡度水平上跑步 30min/天，每周 5 天，每天 1 次，共 6 周。使用自动生化分析仪检测血清葡萄糖、总胆固醇（TC）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL）、甘油三酯（TG）、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）和丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）水平。采用实时聚合酶链反应检测肌肉和肝脏中 PPAR-γ、IRS-1 和 NF-κB 的表达。
常规运动显著（p<0.001）降低了葡萄糖、TC 和 TG 水平，但升高了 HDL 胆固醇。膳食 CrHis 和生物素补充显著（p<0.001）降低了葡萄糖（效应量大；ƞ2=0.773）和 TG（效应量大；ƞ2=0.802）水平，同时升高了 HDL 胆固醇与运动组相比。各组 AST 和 ALT 水平均无显著变化（效应量小；p>0.05）。CrHis/biotin 提高了静息和常规运动训练大鼠肝脏和肌肉中 IRS-1、PPAR-γ 和 NF-κB 的蛋白表达水平（所有效应量均为大）（p<0.001）。
CrHis/biotin 补充可改善运动训练大鼠血清葡萄糖和血脂水平以及肝脏和肌肉中 PPAR-γ、IRS-1 和 NF-κB 的蛋白表达水平，联合使用效果最佳。CrHis/biotin 可能是一种有效的营养治疗方法，可改善健康状况。
