Department of Mental Health, School of Medicine, Second University of Naples , Napoli, Italy.
Front Psychol. 2015 Jan 20;5:1552. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01552. eCollection 2014.
Somatic illness is not only an individual experience of physical and psychological suffering, but also a psychosocial status that modulates the patient's interpersonal relationships. Receiving a diagnosis of cancer causes severe distress. The patient's family, too, feels the emotional ups and downs of the patient. Like the patient, they feel distressed during the onset, course and outcome of the disease. Minimizing the interpersonal impact of the illness contributes to an improved quality of life for both patients and caregivers. Thus, it is widely assumed that cancer treatments should include some kind of psychological support for the patient and family members. All of these treatments are aimed at improving collaboration and illness perception among family, patients and healthcare professionals, and support the family during the course of the disease and cancer therapies. The family system theory is a valuable framework to explain how the disease of the patient and the family's daily life are interconnected. The therapeutic alliance with the family is a powerful tool to improve the quality of life for the patient, as well as to relieve the psychological distress of the family members who are involved. The following pages describe the objectives and conversational techniques that can be a tool for psychosocial work with the family of a cancer patient. The goal of this intervention is to help the patient's family to understand their problems and acknowledge the anxiety and fear of mourning that can impede their capacity to face the everyday problems they must cope with. To achieve this goal, it is recommended that a meeting (or a series of meetings) be scheduled, and conducted both in hospital and in the home. The steps to set up and conduct a family meeting are described in the paper, with special emphasis on communication skills required to meet family expectations and discuss the crucial issues of their everyday life.
躯体疾病不仅是个体经历身体和心理痛苦的过程，也是调节患者人际关系的一种社会心理状态。被诊断患有癌症会引起严重的困扰。患者的家庭也感受到患者情绪的起伏。就像患者一样，他们在疾病的发生、过程和结果中感到痛苦。尽量减少疾病对人际关系的影响有助于提高患者和照顾者的生活质量。因此，人们普遍认为癌症治疗应该包括对患者和家庭成员进行某种心理支持。所有这些治疗都旨在改善家庭、患者和医疗保健专业人员之间的协作和疾病认知，并在疾病和癌症治疗过程中为家庭提供支持。家庭系统理论是一个有价值的框架，可以解释患者的疾病和家庭日常生活是如何相互关联的。与家庭建立治疗联盟是改善患者生活质量的有力工具，同时也可以减轻涉及的家庭成员的心理困扰。以下几页描述了可以作为癌症患者家庭心理社会工作工具的目标和对话技巧。这种干预的目的是帮助患者的家庭了解他们的问题，并认识到焦虑和对丧亲之痛的恐惧，这些问题会阻碍他们面对必须应对的日常问题的能力。为了实现这一目标，建议安排一次（或一系列）会议，在医院和家庭中进行。本文描述了设置和进行家庭会议的步骤，并特别强调了满足家庭期望和讨论日常生活关键问题所需的沟通技巧。
