School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, Herts, UK.
World Psychiatry. 2015 Feb;14(1):15-26. doi: 10.1002/wps.20174.
Novel psychoactive substances include synthetic cannabinoids, cathinone derivatives, psychedelic phenethylamines, novel stimulants, synthetic opioids, tryptamine derivatives, phencyclidine-like dissociatives, piperazines, GABA-A/B receptor agonists, a range of prescribed medications, psychoactive plants/herbs, and a large series of performance and image enhancing drugs. Users are typically attracted by these substances due to their intense psychoactive effects and likely lack of detection in routine drug screenings. This paper aims at providing psychiatrists with updated knowledge of the clinical pharmacology and psychopathological consequences of the use of these substances. Indeed, these drugs act on a range of neurotransmitter pathways/receptors whose imbalance has been associated with psychopathological conditions, including dopamine, cannabinoid CB1, GABA-A/B, 5-HT2A, glutamate, and k opioid receptors. An overall approach in terms of clinical management is briefly discussed.
新型精神活性物质包括合成大麻素、苯丙胺类兴奋剂、卡西酮衍生物、致幻苯乙胺、新型兴奋剂、合成阿片类物质、色胺衍生物、苯环己哌啶类物质、哌嗪类、GABA-A/B 受体激动剂、一系列处方药物、致幻植物/草药以及大量的性能和形象增强药物。由于这些物质具有强烈的精神活性作用，且在常规药物筛查中可能无法被检测到，因此使用者通常会被这些物质所吸引。本文旨在为精神科医生提供有关这些物质使用的临床药理学和精神病理学后果的最新知识。实际上，这些药物作用于一系列神经递质途径/受体，其失衡与包括多巴胺、大麻素 CB1、GABA-A/B、5-HT2A、谷氨酸和 k 阿片受体在内的精神病理学状况有关。简要讨论了临床管理的整体方法。
