Hegg-Deloye S, Brassard P, Prairie J, Larouche D, Jauvin N, Poirier P, Tremblay A, Corbeil P
Groupe de recherche en analyse du mouvement et ergonomie, Kinésiologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Hôpital Laval, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada.
Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2015 Oct;88(7):973-80. doi: 10.1007/s00420-015-1028-z. Epub 2015 Feb 6.
Occupational stress and obesity are very prevalent in emergency workers. Some studies have also associated high tobacco consumption rates with occupational stress. Each of these factors is known to increase cardiovascular risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of occupational stress, overweight and tobacco consumption in paramedics.
This cross-sectional study of paramedics consisted in a self-report survey of 44 questions divided into two sections. The first section collected demographic information and the second evaluated occupational stressors. The questions were designed to determine the prevalence of work-related psychosocial factors, overweight (body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m(2)) and tobacco consumption (cig/day ≥ 1). The demand-control-social support model and the effort-reward model were used to estimate job strain, iso-strain and imbalance in effort and reward.
More than 88 % of paramedics reported at least one cardiovascular risk factor, with males reporting more risk factors than females. Ninety percent of male paramedics reported occupational stress, 12 % reported smoking, and 79 % were overweight or obese by self-report. The prevalence of occupational stress and smoking was similar for female paramedics, but with a lower prevalence of overweight (37 %).
By self-report, nine out of ten paramedics are at risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Both individual and organizational efforts should be made to educate and support paramedics and their organizations in reducing these workers' cardiovascular risk.
职业压力和肥胖在急救人员中非常普遍。一些研究还将高烟草消费率与职业压力联系起来。已知这些因素中的每一个都会增加心血管疾病风险。本研究的目的是评估护理人员中职业压力、超重和烟草消费的患病率。
这项针对护理人员的横断面研究包括一项自我报告调查，共44个问题，分为两个部分。第一部分收集人口统计学信息，第二部分评估职业压力源。这些问题旨在确定与工作相关的社会心理因素、超重（体重指数≥25kg/m²）和烟草消费（每天吸烟≥1支）的患病率。需求-控制-社会支持模型和努力-回报模型用于估计工作压力、等压和努力与回报的不平衡。
超过88%的护理人员报告至少有一种心血管疾病风险因素，男性报告的风险因素比女性更多。90%的男性护理人员报告有职业压力，12%报告吸烟，79%自我报告超重或肥胖。女性护理人员的职业压力和吸烟患病率相似，但超重患病率较低（37%）。
通过自我报告，十分之九的护理人员有患心血管疾病的风险。应通过个人和组织的努力，对护理人员及其组织进行教育和支持，以降低这些工作人员的心血管疾病风险。
