Hegg-Deloye Sandrine, Brassard Patrice, Jauvin Nathalie, Prairie Jérôme, Larouche Dominique, Poirier Paul, Tremblay Angelo, Corbeil Philippe
Department of Kinesiology, Université Laval, , Quebec, Quebec, Canada.
Emerg Med J. 2014 Mar;31(3):242-7. doi: 10.1136/emermed-2012-201672. Epub 2013 Jan 12.
The impacts of emergency work on firefighters have been well documented and summarised, but this is not the case for paramedics. This paper explores the literature regarding the impact of work stress on paramedics.
To identify the literature available on the effect of paramedics' jobs on their health status.
Electronic database used: MEDLINE (Ovid, PubMed, National Library of Medicine) between 2000 and 2011. Key words used for the computer searches were: paramedics, emergency responders, emergency workers, shift workers, post-traumatic symptoms, obesity, stress, heart rate variability, physiological response, blood pressure, cardiovascular and cortisol. Exclusion criteria were: studies in which participants were not paramedics, participants without occupational exposure, physical fitness assessment in paramedics and epidemiological reports regarding death at work.
The electronic databases cited 42 articles, of which we excluded 17; thus, 25 articles are included in this review. It seems clear that paramedics accumulate a set of risk factors, including acute and chronic stress, which may lead to development of cardiovascular diseases. Post-traumatic disorders, sleeping disorders and obesity are prevalent among emergency workers. Moreover, their employers use no inquiry or control methods to monitor their health status and cardiorespiratory fitness.
More studies are needed to characterise paramedics' behaviour at work. These studies could allow the development of targeted strategies to prevent health problems reported in paramedics.
应急工作对消防员的影响已有充分记录和总结，但护理人员的情况并非如此。本文探讨了有关工作压力对护理人员影响的文献。
确定关于护理人员工作对其健康状况影响的现有文献。
使用的电子数据库：2000年至2011年期间的MEDLINE（Ovid、PubMed、美国国立医学图书馆）。计算机检索使用的关键词为：护理人员、应急响应人员、应急工作者、轮班工作者、创伤后症状、肥胖、压力、心率变异性、生理反应、血压、心血管和皮质醇。排除标准为：参与者不是护理人员的研究、无职业暴露的参与者、护理人员的体能评估以及关于工作中死亡的流行病学报告。
电子数据库引用了42篇文章，其中我们排除了17篇；因此，本综述纳入了25篇文章。似乎很明显，护理人员积累了一系列风险因素，包括急性和慢性压力，这可能导致心血管疾病的发生。创伤后障碍、睡眠障碍和肥胖在应急工作者中很普遍。此外，他们的雇主没有使用询问或控制方法来监测他们的健康状况和心肺功能。
需要更多研究来描述护理人员在工作中的行为。这些研究可以制定有针对性的策略来预防护理人员报告的健康问题。
