Bird David McK, Jones John T, Opperman Charles H, Kikuchi Taisei, Danchin Etienne G J
Bioinformatics Research Center, NC State Univ,Raleigh, NC 27695,USA.
James Hutton Institute,Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA,UK.
Parasitology. 2015 Feb;142 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S71-84. doi: 10.1017/S0031182013002163.
Plant-parasitic nematodes cause considerable damage to global agriculture. The ability to parasitize plants is a derived character that appears to have independently emerged several times in the phylum Nematoda. Morphological convergence to feeding style has been observed, but whether this is emergent from molecular convergence is less obvious. To address this, we assess whether genomic signatures can be associated with plant parasitism by nematodes. In this review, we report genomic features and characteristics that appear to be common in plant-parasitic nematodes while absent or rare in animal parasites, predators or free-living species. Candidate horizontal acquisitions of parasitism genes have systematically been found in all plant-parasitic species investigated at the sequence level. Presence of peptides that mimic plant hormones also appears to be a trait of plant-parasitic species. Annotations of the few genomes of plant-parasitic nematodes available to date have revealed a set of apparently species-specific genes on every occasion. Effector genes, important for parasitism are frequently found among those species-specific genes, indicating poor overlap. Overall, nematodes appear to have developed convergent genomic solutions to adapt to plant parasitism.
植物寄生线虫对全球农业造成了相当大的损害。寄生植物的能力是一种衍生特征，似乎在线虫门中独立出现过几次。已经观察到在取食方式上的形态趋同，但这是否源于分子趋同则不太明显。为了解决这个问题，我们评估基因组特征是否可以与线虫的植物寄生现象相关联。在这篇综述中，我们报告了植物寄生线虫中似乎常见的基因组特征，而在动物寄生虫、捕食者或自由生活物种中则不存在或很少见。在所有已在序列水平上研究的植物寄生物种中，系统地发现了寄生基因的候选水平转移。模拟植物激素的肽的存在似乎也是植物寄生物种的一个特征。迄今为止可用的少数植物寄生线虫基因组注释每次都揭示了一组明显的物种特异性基因。对寄生至关重要的效应基因经常在那些物种特异性基因中被发现，这表明重叠性很差。总体而言，线虫似乎已经开发出趋同的基因组解决方案来适应植物寄生。
