Goode Bruce L, Eskin Julian A, Wendland Beverly
Brandeis University, Department of Biology, Rosenstiel Center, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454
Brandeis University, Department of Biology, Rosenstiel Center, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454.
Genetics. 2015 Feb;199(2):315-58. doi: 10.1534/genetics.112.145540.
Endocytosis, the process whereby the plasma membrane invaginates to form vesicles, is essential for bringing many substances into the cell and for membrane turnover. The mechanism driving clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) involves > 50 different protein components assembling at a single location on the plasma membrane in a temporally ordered and hierarchal pathway. These proteins perform precisely choreographed steps that promote receptor recognition and clustering, membrane remodeling, and force-generating actin-filament assembly and turnover to drive membrane invagination and vesicle scission. Many critical aspects of the CME mechanism are conserved from yeast to mammals and were first elucidated in yeast, demonstrating that it is a powerful system for studying endocytosis. In this review, we describe our current mechanistic understanding of each step in the process of yeast CME, and the essential roles played by actin polymerization at these sites, while providing a historical perspective of how the landscape has changed since the preceding version of the YeastBook was published 17 years ago (1997). Finally, we discuss the key unresolved issues and where future studies might be headed.
内吞作用是质膜内陷形成囊泡的过程，对于将许多物质带入细胞以及膜更新至关重要。驱动网格蛋白介导的内吞作用（CME）的机制涉及50多种不同的蛋白质成分，它们在质膜上的单个位置以时间有序且分层的途径组装。这些蛋白质执行精确编排的步骤，促进受体识别与聚集、膜重塑以及产生力的肌动蛋白丝组装和周转，以驱动膜内陷和囊泡切割。CME机制的许多关键方面从酵母到哺乳动物都是保守的，并且最初是在酵母中阐明的，这表明它是研究内吞作用的强大系统。在本综述中，我们描述了目前对酵母CME过程中每个步骤的机制理解，以及肌动蛋白聚合在这些位点所起的重要作用，同时提供了自17年前（1997年）上一版《酵母手册》出版以来情况如何变化的历史视角。最后，我们讨论了关键的未解决问题以及未来研究可能的方向。
