Zou Hong, Wang Yi, Luo Gan, Huang Shilei
College of Animal Science & Technology, Chongqing Three Gouges Vocational College, Chongqing, China.
Wanzhou Center for Animal Husbandry Industry Development of Chongqing, Chongqing, China.
Arch Virol. 2025 May 26;170(7):139. doi: 10.1007/s00705-025-06326-1.
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is the primary pathogen responsible for highly contagious intestinal infections in pigs, which results in significant economic losses to the global animal husbandry industry. PEDV is an enveloped virus that enters cells via endocytosis, a process that is dependent on the binding of the viral surface S protein to a receptor on the host cell membrane. This results in a series of biomechanical alterations that drive the fusion of the viral and host cell membranes. These alterations stabilise the binding of the virus to the receptor and also affect the tension and the curvature of the plasma membrane and the formation of endocytic vesicles. A comprehensive understanding of the mechanism by which PEDV enters cells and the biomechanical changes that accompany this process is of paramount importance for the development of PEDV inhibitors, vaccines, and disease prevention and control strategies. Here, we review the general mechanism of PEDV entry, the biomechanical phenomena that occur during endocytosis, and the potential applications of biomechanics in antiviral therapy. It is anticipated that by gaining insight into these mechanisms, novel approaches to regulating viral entry pathways through mechanical interference, vaccine development, and antiviral drug design can be explored.
猪流行性腹泻病毒（PEDV）是导致猪高度传染性肠道感染的主要病原体，给全球畜牧业造成重大经济损失。PEDV是一种包膜病毒，通过内吞作用进入细胞，这一过程依赖于病毒表面S蛋白与宿主细胞膜上受体的结合。这会导致一系列生物力学改变，驱动病毒膜与宿主细胞膜融合。这些改变稳定了病毒与受体的结合，还影响质膜的张力和曲率以及内吞小泡的形成。全面了解PEDV进入细胞的机制以及伴随这一过程的生物力学变化，对于开发PEDV抑制剂、疫苗以及疾病防控策略至关重要。在此，我们综述了PEDV进入的一般机制、内吞作用过程中发生的生物力学现象以及生物力学在抗病毒治疗中的潜在应用。预计通过深入了解这些机制，可以探索通过机械干扰调节病毒进入途径、疫苗开发和抗病毒药物设计的新方法。
