Gkiatas Ioannis, Lykissas Marios, Kostas-Agnantis Ioannis, Korompilias Anastasios, Batistatou Anna, Beris Alexandros
University of Ioannina, School of Medicine, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Ioannina, Greece.
Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ). 2015 Feb;44(2):61-7.
Bone growth and development are products of the complex interactions of genetic and environmental factors. Longitudinal bone growth depends on the growth plate. The growth plate has 5 different zones-each with a different functional role-and is the final target organ for longitudinal growth. Bone length is affected by several systemic, local, and mechanical factors. All these regulation systems control the final length of bones in a complicated way. Despite its significance to bone stability, bone growth in width has not been studied as extensively as longitudinal bone growth. Bone growth in width is also controlled by genetic factors, but mechanical loading regulates periosteal apposition. In this article, we review the most recent data regarding bone growth from the embryonic age and analyze the factors that control bone growth. An understanding of this complex system is important in identifying metabolic and developmental bone diseases and fracture risk.
骨骼的生长和发育是遗传因素与环境因素复杂相互作用的产物。骨骼的纵向生长依赖于生长板。生长板有5个不同的区域，每个区域都有不同的功能作用，并且是纵向生长的最终靶器官。骨骼长度受多种全身、局部和机械因素的影响。所有这些调节系统以复杂的方式控制骨骼的最终长度。尽管骨宽度生长对骨骼稳定性很重要，但与骨骼纵向生长相比，对其研究并不广泛。骨宽度生长也受遗传因素控制，但机械负荷调节骨膜附着。在本文中，我们综述了有关胚胎期骨骼生长的最新数据，并分析了控制骨骼生长的因素。了解这个复杂系统对于识别代谢性和发育性骨骼疾病以及骨折风险很重要。
