Prakash Atish, Bharti Kanchan, Majeed Abu Bakar A
Brain Degeneration and Therapeutics Group, Brain and Neuroscience Communities of Research, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam, 40450, Malaysia; Department of Pharmacology, ISF college of Pharmacy, Ghal kalan, Moga, 142-001, India; Brain Research Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Puncak Alam, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Bandar Puncak Alam, 42300, Malaysia.
Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 2015 Apr;29(2):131-49. doi: 10.1111/fcp.12110. Epub 2015 Mar 12.
Zinc is the authoritative metal which is present in our body, and reactive zinc metal is crucial for neuronal signaling and is largely distributed within presynaptic vesicles. Zinc also plays an important role in synaptic function. At cellular level, zinc is a modulator of synaptic activity and neuronal plasticity in both development and adulthood. Different importers and transporters are involved in zinc homeostasis. ZnT-3 is a main transporter involved in zinc homeostasis in the brain. It has been found that alterations in brain zinc status have been implicated in a wide range of neurological disorders including impaired brain development and many neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, and mood disorders including depression, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and prion disease. Furthermore, zinc has also been implicated in neuronal damage associated with traumatic brain injury, stroke, and seizure. Understanding the mechanisms that control brain zinc homeostasis is thus critical to the development of preventive and treatment strategies for these and other neurological disorders.
锌是人体中存在的一种重要金属，具有反应活性的锌金属对神经元信号传导至关重要，且主要分布在突触前囊泡内。锌在突触功能中也起着重要作用。在细胞水平上，锌在发育和成年期都是突触活动和神经元可塑性的调节剂。不同的锌导入蛋白和转运蛋白参与锌稳态的维持。锌转运体3（ZnT-3）是大脑中参与锌稳态维持的主要转运蛋白。研究发现，大脑锌状态的改变与多种神经疾病有关，包括脑发育受损以及许多神经退行性疾病，如阿尔茨海默病，还有情绪障碍，包括抑郁症、帕金森病、亨廷顿舞蹈病、肌萎缩侧索硬化症和朊病毒病。此外，锌还与创伤性脑损伤、中风和癫痫发作相关的神经元损伤有关。因此，了解控制大脑锌稳态的机制对于开发针对这些及其他神经疾病的预防和治疗策略至关重要。
