Elnager Abuzar, Hassan Rosline, Idris Zamzuri, Mustafa Zulkifli, Wan-Arfah Nadiah, Sulaiman S A, Gan Siew Hua, Abdullah Wan Zaidah
Department of Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:627471. doi: 10.1155/2015/627471. Epub 2015 Jan 15.
Background. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) has been reported to possess time-dependent fibrinolytic activity by in vitro assay. This study is aimed at investigating fibrinolytic dose-dependent activity of CAPE using in vitro assays. Methods. Standardized human whole blood (WB) clots were incubated in either blank controls or different concentrations of CAPE (3.75, 7.50, 15.00, 22.50, and 30.00 mM). After 3 hours, D-dimer (DD) levels and WB clot weights were measured for each concentration. Thromboelastography (TEG) parameters were recorded following CAPE incubation, and fibrin morphology was examined under a confocal microscope. Results. Overall, mean DD (μg/mL) levels were significantly different across samples incubated with different CAPE concentrations, and the median pre- and postincubation WB clot weights (grams) were significantly decreased for each CAPE concentration. Fibrin removal was observed microscopically and indicated dose-dependent effects. Based on the TEG test, the Ly30 fibrinolytic parameter was significantly different between samples incubated with two different CAPE concentrations (15.0 and 22.50 mM). The 50% effective dose (ED50) of CAPE (based on DD) was 1.99 mg/mL. Conclusions. This study suggests that CAPE possesses fibrinolytic activity following in vitro incubation and that it has dose-dependent activities. Therefore, further investigation into CAPE as a potential alternative thrombolytic agent should be conducted.
背景。据报道，咖啡酸苯乙酯（CAPE）在体外试验中具有时间依赖性纤维蛋白溶解活性。本研究旨在通过体外试验研究CAPE的纤维蛋白溶解剂量依赖性活性。方法。将标准化的人全血（WB）凝块在空白对照或不同浓度的CAPE（3.75、7.50、15.00、22.50和30.00 mM）中孵育。3小时后，测量每种浓度下的D-二聚体（DD）水平和WB凝块重量。在CAPE孵育后记录血栓弹力图（TEG）参数，并在共聚焦显微镜下检查纤维蛋白形态。结果。总体而言，不同CAPE浓度孵育的样本之间，平均DD（μg/mL）水平存在显著差异，并且每种CAPE浓度下孵育前后WB凝块重量（克）的中位数均显著降低。在显微镜下观察到纤维蛋白的清除，并显示出剂量依赖性效应。基于TEG试验，在两种不同CAPE浓度（15.0和22.50 mM）孵育的样本之间，Ly30纤维蛋白溶解参数存在显著差异。CAPE的50%有效剂量（基于DD）为1.99 mg/mL。结论。本研究表明，CAPE在体外孵育后具有纤维蛋白溶解活性，并且具有剂量依赖性活性。因此，应进一步研究CAPE作为潜在的替代溶栓剂。
