Silva Henrique, Francisco Rafaela, Saraiva Ariana, Francisco Simone, Carrascosa Conrado, Raposo António
Informetrics Research Group, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 758307, Vietnam.
Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 758307, Vietnam.
Biology (Basel). 2021 Jan 4;10(1):27. doi: 10.3390/biology10010027.
Owing to its chemical richness, propolis has a myriad of therapeutic properties. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first comprehensive review paper on propolis to focus exclusively on its major effects for cardiovascular health. The propolis compound varieties with the most promising therapeutic benefits and their respective physiological mechanisms will be discussed. Propolis displays an anti-atherosclerotic activity, attained through modulation of the plasma lipid profile and through stabilization of the fatty plaque by inhibiting macrophage apoptosis, vascular smooth muscle proliferation and metalloproteinase activity. The antihypertensive effects of propolis probably arise through the combination of several mechanisms, including the suppression of catecholamine synthesis, stimulation of endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation and vascular anti-inflammatory activity. The anti-hemostatic activity of propolis is attributed to the inhibition of platelet plug formation and antifibrinolytic activity. By inhibiting the secretion of proangiogenic factors, propolis suppresses endothelial cell migration and tubulogenesis, exerting antiangiogenic activity. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities are responsible for protection against vascular endothelial and cardiomyocyte dysfunction, mostly by the prevention of oxidative stress. Among the reviewed propolis varieties, the Brazilian green and red varieties show the largest number of beneficial activities. Further research, especially preclinical, should be conducted to assess the cardiovascular benefits of the given varieties with different compositions.
由于其化学组成丰富，蜂胶具有多种治疗特性。据作者所知，这是第一篇专门聚焦于蜂胶对心血管健康主要作用的全面综述文章。本文将讨论具有最具前景治疗益处的蜂胶化合物种类及其各自的生理机制。蜂胶具有抗动脉粥样硬化活性，这是通过调节血浆脂质谱以及通过抑制巨噬细胞凋亡、血管平滑肌增殖和金属蛋白酶活性来稳定脂肪斑块而实现的。蜂胶的降压作用可能是通过多种机制共同作用产生的，包括抑制儿茶酚胺合成、刺激内皮依赖性血管舒张和血管抗炎活性。蜂胶的抗止血活性归因于对血小板凝块形成的抑制和抗纤维蛋白溶解活性。通过抑制促血管生成因子的分泌，蜂胶抑制内皮细胞迁移和管状结构形成，发挥抗血管生成活性。抗氧化和抗炎活性主要通过预防氧化应激来保护血管内皮和心肌细胞功能障碍。在所综述的蜂胶品种中，巴西绿蜂胶和红蜂胶显示出最多的有益活性。应进行进一步研究，尤其是临床前研究，以评估不同成分的特定蜂胶品种对心血管的益处。
