From the Department of Clinical Bacteriology, Parasitology, Zoonoses and Geographical Medicine, University Hospital of Heraklion , Heraklion, Crete , Greece.
Infect Dis (Lond). 2015 Mar;47(3):125-9. doi: 10.3109/00365548.2014.980843.
Rothia mucilaginosa, a gram-positive coccus member of the family Micrococcaceae, is considered part of the normal microflora of the human mouth and the upper respiratory tract. Although this organism is believed to be of low virulence, it is increasingly recognized as an opportunistic pathogen mostly affecting immunocompromised hosts.
The medical literature was reviewed and we found 19 published cases of R. mucilaginosa pneumonia. We also report on a case of pneumonia attributed to this microorganism in a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
From January 1970 to August 2014, a total of 20 patients with R. mucilaginosa pneumonia were studied. Patients with haematologic malignancies (7/20), profoundly neutropenic with central line catheters (7/20) are at higher risk of developing the infection, while immunocompetent hosts with impaired pulmonary defences are less frequently affected (4/20). Beta-lactams or vancomycin alone or in combination with other antibiotics have been successfully used for the treatment of R. mucilaginosa pneumonia. The outcome was favourable in 18 cases. Only one fatality was attributed to the infection.
R. mucilaginosa should be considered in the diagnosis of pneumonia in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent hosts. Early diagnosis and timely administration of appropriate antibiotic treatment are necessary for cure.
罗特西亚黏膜炎，一种革兰阳性球菌，微球菌科的成员，被认为是人类口腔和上呼吸道正常微生物群的一部分。尽管该生物体的毒力较低，但它越来越被认为是一种机会性病原体，主要影响免疫功能低下的宿主。
我们回顾了医学文献，发现了 19 例罗特西亚黏膜炎肺炎的病例。我们还报告了一例慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患者由该微生物引起的肺炎病例。
从 1970 年 1 月至 2014 年 8 月，共研究了 20 例罗特西亚黏膜炎肺炎患者。患有血液系统恶性肿瘤的患者（7/20），伴有中央导管的严重中性粒细胞减少症（7/20）的患者感染风险更高，而免疫功能正常但肺部防御功能受损的宿主则较少受到影响（4/20）。单独使用β-内酰胺类或万古霉素，或联合其他抗生素已成功用于治疗罗特西亚黏膜炎肺炎。18 例患者的预后良好。只有一例死亡归因于感染。
罗特西亚黏膜炎应在免疫功能低下和免疫功能正常的宿主中考虑诊断肺炎。早期诊断和及时给予适当的抗生素治疗是治愈的必要条件。
