Zhang Zhe, Jiang Chunyu, Xing Yi-Qi, Yang Tianke, Zou Linxuan, Jia Zhuqiang, Zhao Lin, Han Xin, Qu Xueling, Zhang Zhen, Zong Junwei, Wang Shouyu
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
College of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
Nutr Metab (Lond). 2025 Apr 10;22(1):29. doi: 10.1186/s12986-025-00922-3.
Previous observational studies have indicated a correlation between the skin microbiome and Type 2 diabetes (T2DM). It is hypothesized that this causal relationship may be influenced by inflammatory responses. However, these factors as determinants of T2DM remain largely unexplored.
This study incorporated data from the GWAS database on the skin microbiome, 91 types of inflammatory cytokines, and T2DM. We employed two-sample MR and multivariable MR methods to assess the correlation between the skin microbiome and T2DM, and to investigate whether this correlation is affected by inflammatory cytokines.
The results of the two-sample MR analysis indicate that within the skin microbiome, genetically predicted genus: Acinetobacter, class: Alphaproteobacteria, genus: Bacteroides, ASV005[Propionibacterium granulosum], and ASV072[Rothia mucilaginosa] are associated with an increased risk of T2DM, while phylum: Proteobacteria, genus: Enhydrobacter, family: Clostridiales, ASV006[Staphylococcus hominis] serve as protective factors against T2DM. Among the inflammatory cytokines, levels of Macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1, Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 9, Urokinase-type plasminogen activator, and C-C motif chemokine 28 are associated with an increased risk of T2DM. Multivariable MR analysis further revealed that Macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 levels act as a mediating factor between ASV072[Rothia mucilaginosa] and T2DM.
In this study, we found a connection between the skin microbiome and T2DM, with inflammatory cytokines playing a key role in this relationship. This research helps us better understand this complex link and shows that addressing inflammation is important for preventing and treating diabetes. This could greatly benefit public health by reducing the impact of diabetes and its complications. Our results suggest that future studies should explore the specific biological interactions between the skin microbiome and diabetes to develop more effective risk management and treatment strategies from a microbial perspective.
先前的观察性研究表明皮肤微生物群与2型糖尿病（T2DM）之间存在关联。据推测，这种因果关系可能受炎症反应影响。然而，这些因素作为T2DM的决定因素在很大程度上仍未得到充分探索。
本研究纳入了来自全基因组关联研究（GWAS）数据库中关于皮肤微生物群、91种炎症细胞因子和T2DM的数据。我们采用两样本孟德尔随机化（MR）和多变量MR方法来评估皮肤微生物群与T2DM之间的相关性，并研究这种相关性是否受炎症细胞因子影响。
两样本MR分析结果表明，在皮肤微生物群中，基因预测的不动杆菌属、α-变形菌纲、拟杆菌属、ASV005[颗粒丙酸杆菌]和ASV072[黏液罗氏菌]与T2DM风险增加相关，而变形菌门、嗜水气单胞菌属、梭菌目、ASV006[人葡萄球菌]是T2DM的保护因素。在炎症细胞因子中，巨噬细胞集落刺激因子1、肿瘤坏死因子受体超家族成员9、尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活剂和C-C基序趋化因子28的水平与T2DM风险增加相关。多变量MR分析进一步显示，巨噬细胞集落刺激因子1水平在ASV072[黏液罗氏菌]和T2DM之间起中介作用。
在本研究中，我们发现皮肤微生物群与T2DM之间存在联系，炎症细胞因子在这种关系中起关键作用。这项研究有助于我们更好地理解这种复杂联系，并表明解决炎症问题对预防和治疗糖尿病很重要。这可能通过减少糖尿病及其并发症的影响而极大地有益于公众健康。我们的结果表明，未来的研究应探索皮肤微生物群与糖尿病之间的具体生物学相互作用，以便从微生物角度制定更有效的风险管理和治疗策略。
