Jiang Tinglei, Wu Hui, Feng Jiang
Jilin Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.
Key Laboratory for Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration of National Environmental Protection, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.
Integr Zool. 2015 May;10(3):241-56. doi: 10.1111/1749-4877.12129.
Evolutionary biologists have a long-standing interest in how acoustic signals in animals vary geographically, because divergent ecology and sensory perception play an important role in speciation. Geographic comparisons are valuable in determining the factors that influence divergence of acoustic signals. Bats are social mammals and they depend mainly on echolocation pulses to locate prey, to navigate and to communicate. Mounting evidence shows that geographic variation of bat echolocation pulses is common, with a mean 5-10 kHz differences in peak frequency, and a high level of individual variation may be nested in this geographical variation. However, understanding the geographic variation of echolocation pulses in bats is very difficult, because of differences in sample and statistical analysis techniques as well as the variety of factors shaping the vocal geographic evolution. Geographic differences in echolocation pulses of bats generally lack latitudinal, longitudinal and elevational patterns, and little is known about vocal dialects. Evidence is accumulating to support the fact that geographic variation in echolocation pulses of bats may be caused by genetic drift, cultural drift, ecological selection, sexual selection and social selection. Future studies could relate geographic differences in echolocation pulses to social adaptation, vocal learning strategies and patterns of dispersal. In addition, new statistical techniques and acoustic playback experiments may help to illustrate the causes and consequences of the geographic evolution of echolocation pulse in bats.
进化生物学家长期以来一直对动物的声学信号如何在地理上发生变化感兴趣，因为不同的生态和感官感知在物种形成中起着重要作用。地理比较对于确定影响声学信号差异的因素很有价值。蝙蝠是群居哺乳动物，它们主要依靠回声定位脉冲来定位猎物、导航和交流。越来越多的证据表明，蝙蝠回声定位脉冲的地理变异很常见，峰值频率平均有5-10千赫的差异，并且在这种地理变异中可能嵌套着高水平的个体变异。然而，由于样本和统计分析技术的差异以及影响声音地理进化的各种因素，了解蝙蝠回声定位脉冲的地理变异非常困难。蝙蝠回声定位脉冲的地理差异通常缺乏纬度、经度和海拔模式，人们对声音方言知之甚少。越来越多的证据支持这样一个事实，即蝙蝠回声定位脉冲的地理变异可能是由遗传漂变、文化漂变、生态选择、性选择和社会选择引起的。未来的研究可以将回声定位脉冲的地理差异与社会适应、发声学习策略和扩散模式联系起来。此外，新的统计技术和声学回放实验可能有助于阐明蝙蝠回声定位脉冲地理进化的原因和后果。
