Mostafaei F, McNeill F E, Chettle D R, Wainman B C, Pidruczny A E, Prestwich W V
Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
Physiol Meas. 2015 Mar;36(3):465-87. doi: 10.1088/0967-3334/36/3/465. Epub 2015 Feb 11.
Non-invasive in vivo neutron activation analysis (NAA) was used to measure the fluorine concentration in 35 people in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. Measurement and precision data of this second generation NAA system were determined in 2013, and the results were compared with the performance of a first generation system used in a pilot study of 33 participants from the Hamilton area in 2008. Improvements in precision in line with those predicted by phantom studies were observed, but the use of fewer technicians during measurement seemed adversely to affect performance. We compared the levels of fluorine observed in people between the two studies and found them to be comparable. The average fluorine concentration in bone was found to be 3 ± 0.3 mg and 3.5 ± 0.4 mg F/g Ca for 2013 and 2008 measurements respectively. Ten people were measured in both studies; the observed average change in bone fluorine in this subgroup was consistent with that predicted by the observation of the relationship between bone fluorine and age in the wider group. In addition, we observed differences in the relationship between bone fluorine level and age between men and women, which may be attributable either to sex or gender differences. The rate of increase in fluorine content for men was found to be 0.096 ± 0.022 mg F/g Ca per year while the rate of increase for women was found to be slightly less than half that of men, 0.041 ± 0.017 mg F/g Ca per year. A discontinuity in the rate of increase in fluorine content with age was observed in women at around age 50. Bone fluorine content was significantly lower ([Formula: see text]) in women age 50 to 59 than in women age 40 to 49, which we suggest may be attributable to bone metabolism changes associated with menopause. We also observed increased fluorine levels in tea drinkers as compared to non-tea drinkers, suggesting tea may be a significant source of exposure in Canada. The rate of increase in fluorine content of the tea drinkers and the non-tea drinkers were found to be 0.127 (± 0.029) and 0.050 (± 0.009) mg F/g Ca per year respectively. Finally, we also obtained twelve bone samples from cadavers' skulls. Neutron activation analysis was used to determine the fluorine levels in these ex vivo samples. The rate of increase of fluorine content versus age for in vivo and ex vivo measurements were found to be 0.078 ± 0.014 and 0.078 ± 0.050 mg F/g Ca per year respectively. Excellent agreement was found between the fluorine levels determined in vivo and ex vivo using the two separate systems, providing confidence in the fluorine concentration data being measured in vivo.
采用非侵入性体内中子活化分析（NAA）技术对加拿大安大略省汉密尔顿市的35人进行了氟浓度测量。2013年测定了该第二代NAA系统的测量和精密度数据，并将结果与2008年在汉密尔顿地区对33名参与者进行的试点研究中使用的第一代系统的性能进行了比较。观察到精密度的提高与模型研究预测的一致，但测量过程中技术人员的减少似乎对性能产生了不利影响。我们比较了两项研究中观察到的人群氟水平，发现它们具有可比性。2013年和2008年测量的骨中平均氟浓度分别为3±0.3mg和3.5±0.4mg F/g Ca。两项研究均对10人进行了测量；该亚组中观察到的骨氟平均变化与更广泛人群中骨氟与年龄关系的观察结果预测一致。此外，我们观察到男性和女性骨氟水平与年龄之间的关系存在差异，这可能归因于性别或性别的差异。发现男性氟含量的增加速率为每年0.096±0.022mg F/g Ca，而女性的增加速率略低于男性的一半，为每年0.041±0.017mg F/g Ca。在50岁左右的女性中观察到氟含量随年龄增加的速率出现间断。50至59岁女性的骨氟含量显著低于（[公式：见正文]）40至49岁女性，我们认为这可能归因于与绝经相关的骨代谢变化。我们还观察到饮茶者的氟水平高于非饮茶者，这表明茶可能是加拿大氟暴露的一个重要来源。饮茶者和非饮茶者氟含量的增加速率分别为每年0.127（±0.029）和0.050（±0.009）mg F/g Ca。最后，我们还从尸体头骨中获取了12个骨样本。采用中子活化分析确定这些离体样本中的氟水平。体内和离体测量中氟含量随年龄增加的速率分别为每年0.078±0.014和0.078±0.050mg F/g Ca。使用两个独立系统在体内和离体测定的氟水平之间发现了极好的一致性，这为体内测量的氟浓度数据提供了可信度。
