Institut Pasteur, Biology and Genetics of the Bacterial Cell Wall Unit, Inserm Group Avenir, 28 rue du docteur Roux, Paris F-75724 cedex 15, France
FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2015 Mar;39(2):246-61. doi: 10.1093/femsre/fuu006. Epub 2015 Feb 10.
Posttranslational modification of proteins by lipidation is a common process in biological systems. Lipids provide protein stability, interaction with other membrane components, and in some cases, due to reversibility of the process, a mechanism for regulating protein localization and function. Bacterial lipoproteins possess fatty acids at their amino-termini that are derived from phospholipids, and this lipid moiety anchors the proteins into the membrane. These lipids, as is the case for lipopolysaccharides and lipoteichoic acids, play an important role in signaling of the innate immune system through the interaction with Toll-like receptors. Over the past three years, tremendous progress has been made in understanding the mechanism by which lipoproteins become lipidated. Advanced methodology in mass spectrometry, proteomics and genome-wide analyses allowed precise characterization of lipoprotein modifications and the identification of the enzymes catalyzing the reactions in diverse bacterial species. This review will highlight new findings on bacterial lipoprotein modification with focus on the reaction mechanisms and the role of lipoproteins in cell envelope homeostasis.
蛋白质的脂化翻译后修饰是生物系统中的一个常见过程。脂质为蛋白质提供稳定性、与其他膜成分的相互作用，在某些情况下，由于该过程的可逆性，脂质还为调节蛋白质定位和功能提供了一种机制。细菌脂蛋白在其氨基末端具有源自磷脂的脂肪酸，该脂质部分将蛋白质锚定在膜上。这些脂质，就像脂多糖和脂磷壁酸一样，通过与 Toll 样受体的相互作用，在先天免疫系统的信号转导中发挥着重要作用。在过去的三年中，人们在理解脂蛋白脂化的机制方面取得了巨大的进展。质谱、蛋白质组学和全基因组分析等先进方法学使脂蛋白修饰的精确特征得以描述，并鉴定出了不同细菌种催化反应的酶。本文将重点介绍关于细菌脂蛋白修饰的新发现，包括反应机制以及脂蛋白在细胞包膜稳态中的作用。
