Castillo-Ruiz Francisco J, Pérez-Ruiz Manuel, Blanco-Roldán Gregorio L, Gil-Ribes Jesús A, Agüera Juan
Dpto. de Ingeniería Rural, Universidad de Córdoba, Área de Mecanización y Tecnología Rural, Córdoba 14005, Spain.
Aerospace Engineering and Fluid Mechanics Department, University of Seville, Ctra. Sevilla-Utrera km 1, 41013 Seville, Spain.
Sensors (Basel). 2015 Feb 10;15(2):4001-18. doi: 10.3390/s150204001.
Sensors, communication systems and geo-reference units are required to achieve an optimized management of agricultural inputs with respect to the economic and environmental aspects of olive groves. In this study, three commercial olive harvesters were tracked during two harvesting seasons in Spain and Chile using remote and autonomous equipment that was developed to determine their time efficiency and effective based on canopy shaking for fruit detachment. These harvesters work in intensive/high-density (HD) and super-high-density (SHD) olive orchards. A GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) and GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) device was installed to track these harvesters. The GNSS receiver did not affect the driver's work schedule. Time elements methodology was adapted to the remote data acquisition system. The effective field capacity and field efficiency were investigated. In addition, the field shape, row length, angle between headland alley and row, and row alley width were measured to determinate the optimum orchard design parameters value. The SHD olive harvester showed significant lower effective field capacity values when alley width was less than 4 m. In addition, a yield monitor was developed and installed on a traditional olive harvester to obtain a yield map from the harvested area. The hedge straddle harvester stood out for its highly effective field capacity; nevertheless, a higher field efficiency was provided by a non-integral lateral canopy shaker. All of the measured orchard parameters have influenced machinery yields, whether effective field capacity or field efficiency. A saving of 40% in effective field capacity was achieved with a reduction from 4 m or higher to 3.5 m in alley width for SHD olive harvester. A yield map was plotted using data that were acquired by a yield monitor, reflecting the yield gradient in spite of the larger differences between tree yields.
为了在经济和环境方面实现对橄榄园农业投入的优化管理，需要传感器、通信系统和地理参考单元。在本研究中，在西班牙和智利的两个收获季节，使用为基于树冠振动来确定果实脱落的时间效率和有效性而开发的远程和自主设备，对三台商用橄榄收获机进行了跟踪。这些收获机在集约/高密度（HD）和超高密度（SHD）橄榄园中作业。安装了全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）和全球移动通信系统（GSM）设备来跟踪这些收获机。GNSS接收器不影响驾驶员的工作时间表。时间要素方法适用于远程数据采集系统。研究了有效田间作业能力和田间效率。此外，测量了田间形状、行长、地头通道与行之间的夹角以及行通道宽度，以确定最佳果园设计参数值。当通道宽度小于4米时，SHD橄榄收获机的有效田间作业能力值显著降低。此外，还开发并在一台传统橄榄收获机上安装了产量监测器，以获取收获区域的产量图。树篱跨式收获机因其高效的田间作业能力而脱颖而出；然而，非整体式侧树冠振动器提供了更高的田间效率。所有测量的果园参数都对机械产量产生了影响，无论是有效田间作业能力还是田间效率。对于SHD橄榄收获机，将通道宽度从4米或更高减少到3.5米，有效田间作业能力节省了40%。使用产量监测器采集的数据绘制了产量图，尽管树木产量之间存在较大差异，但仍反映了产量梯度。
