Van Bol L, Rasquin F
Rev Med Brux. 2014 Sep;35(4):265-70.
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in industrialized countries in individuals over 65 years of age. It is characterized by a progressive degenerative disorder of the macula, resulting in a loss of the central vision. There are two forms of AMD, the atrophic and the exudative form. A number of risk factors have been implicated in the onset of this condition. With the ageing of the population, the prevalence of AMD is steadily raising and is leading to a growing social and economical burden. Much research has been conducted to improve the diagnosis and management of people at risk of AMD and to develop new treatments. In this review we will discuss the risk factors associated with AMD, the clinical forms and their diagnosis, as well as the current and future therapeutic options.
年龄相关性黄斑变性（AMD）是工业化国家65岁以上人群不可逆失明的主要原因。其特征是黄斑进行性退行性病变，导致中心视力丧失。AMD有两种形式，萎缩性和渗出性。多种风险因素与该病的发病有关。随着人口老龄化，AMD的患病率在稳步上升，并导致日益加重的社会和经济负担。已经开展了大量研究以改善对有AMD风险人群的诊断和管理，并开发新的治疗方法。在本综述中，我们将讨论与AMD相关的风险因素、临床类型及其诊断，以及当前和未来的治疗选择。
