Ellulu Mohammed S, Khaza'ai Huzwah, Abed Yehia, Rahmat Asmah, Ismail Patimah, Ranneh Yazan
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia,
Inflammopharmacology. 2015 Jun;23(2-3):79-89. doi: 10.1007/s10787-015-0228-1. Epub 2015 Feb 14.
The roles of Omega-3 FAs are inflammation antagonists, while Omega-6 FAs are precursors for inflammation. The plant form of Omega-3 FAs is the short-chain α-linolenic acid, and the marine forms are the long-chain fatty acids: docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid. Omega-3 FAs have unlimited usages, and they are considered as omnipotent since they may benefit heart health, improve brain function, reduce cancer risks and improve people's moods. Omega-3 FAs also have several important biological effects on a range of cellular functions that may decrease the onset of heart diseases and reduce mortality among patients with coronary heart disease, possibly by stabilizing the heart's rhythm and by reducing blood clotting. Some review studies have described the beneficial roles of Omega-3 FAs in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), cancer, diabetes, and other conditions, including inflammation. Studies of the effect of Omega-3 FAs gathered from studies in diseased and healthy population. CVDs including atherosclerosis, coronary heart diseases, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome were the major fields of investigation. In studies of obesity, as the central obesity increased, the level of adipocyte synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines like tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were increased and the level of anti-inflammatory adiponectin was decreased indicating a state of inflammation. The level of C reactive protein (CRP) synthesized from hepatocyte is increased by the influence of IL-6. CRP can be considered as a marker of systemic inflammation associated with increased risks of CVDs. In molecular studies, Omega-3 FAs have direct effects on reducing the inflammatory state by reducing IL-6, TNF-α, CRP and many other factors. While the appropriate dosage along with the administrative duration is not known, the scientific evidence-based recommendations for daily intake are not modified.
ω-3脂肪酸起炎症拮抗剂的作用，而ω-6脂肪酸是炎症的前体。ω-3脂肪酸的植物形式是短链α-亚麻酸，海洋形式是长链脂肪酸：二十二碳六烯酸和二十碳五烯酸。ω-3脂肪酸有无限的用途，它们被认为是万能的，因为它们可能有益于心脏健康、改善大脑功能、降低癌症风险并改善人们的情绪。ω-3脂肪酸对一系列细胞功能也有几种重要的生物学效应，这可能会减少心脏病的发作并降低冠心病患者的死亡率，可能是通过稳定心脏节律和减少血液凝固来实现的。一些综述研究描述了ω-3脂肪酸在心血管疾病（CVD）、癌症、糖尿病和其他病症（包括炎症）中的有益作用。对ω-3脂肪酸作用的研究收集自患病和健康人群的研究。包括动脉粥样硬化、冠心病、高血压和代谢综合征在内的心血管疾病是主要的研究领域。在肥胖研究中，随着中心性肥胖增加，促炎细胞因子如肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）和白细胞介素6（IL-6）的脂肪细胞合成水平升高，而抗炎性脂联素水平降低，表明存在炎症状态。肝细胞合成的C反应蛋白（CRP）水平受IL-6的影响而升高。CRP可被视为与心血管疾病风险增加相关的全身炎症标志物。在分子研究中，ω-3脂肪酸通过降低IL-6、TNF-α、CRP和许多其他因子直接减轻炎症状态。虽然合适的剂量和给药持续时间尚不清楚，但基于科学证据的每日摄入量建议并未改变。
