Ghose Chandrabali, Kelly Ciarán P
Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, 455 First Avenue, 7th Floor, New York, NY 10016, USA.
Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2015 Mar;29(1):145-62. doi: 10.1016/j.idc.2014.11.013.
Clostridium difficile is a spore-forming anaerobic gram-positive organism that is the leading cause of antibiotic-associated nosocomial infectious diarrhea in the Western world. This article describes the evolving epidemiology of C difficile infection (CDI) in the twenty-first century, evaluates the importance of vaccines against the disease, and defines the roles of both innate and adaptive host immune responses in CDI. The effects of passive immunotherapy and active vaccination against CDI in both humans and animals are also discussed.
艰难梭菌是一种形成芽孢的厌氧革兰氏阳性菌，是西方世界抗生素相关性医院感染性腹泻的主要病因。本文描述了21世纪艰难梭菌感染（CDI）不断演变的流行病学情况，评估了针对该疾病的疫苗的重要性，并明确了先天性和适应性宿主免疫反应在CDI中的作用。还讨论了被动免疫疗法和主动接种疫苗对人类和动物CDI的影响。
