在提示手指运动过程中，人类运动前区、初级体感区和初级运动区的顺序激活。
Sequential activation of premotor, primary somatosensory and primary motor areas in humans during cued finger movements.
作者信息
Sun Hai, Blakely Timothy M, Darvas Felix, Wander Jeremiah D, Johnson Lise A, Su David K, Miller Kai J, Fetz Eberhard E, Ojemann Jeffery G
机构信息
Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
出版信息
Clin Neurophysiol. 2015 Nov;126(11):2150-61. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2015.01.005. Epub 2015 Jan 23.
OBJECTIVE
Human voluntary movements are a final product of complex interactions between multiple sensory, cognitive and motor areas of central nervous system. The objective was to investigate temporal sequence of activation of premotor (PM), primary motor (M1) and somatosensory (S1) areas during cued finger movements.
METHODS
Electrocorticography (ECoG) was used to measure activation timing in human PM, S1, and M1 neurons in preparation for finger movements in 5 subjects with subdural grids for seizure localization. Cortical activation was determined by the onset of high gamma (HG) oscillation (70-150Hz). The three cortical regions were mapped anatomically using a common brain atlas and confirmed independently with direct electrical cortical stimulation, somatosensory evoked potentials and detection of HG response to tactile stimulation. Subjects were given visual cues to flex each finger or pinch the thumb and index finger. Movements were captured with a dataglove and time-locked with ECoG. A windowed covariance metric was used to identify the rising slope of HG power between two electrodes and compute time lag. Statistical constraints were applied to the time estimates to combat the noise. Rank sum testing was used to verify the sequential activation of cortical regions across 5 subjects.
RESULTS
In all 5 subjects, HG activation in PM preceded S1 by an average of 53±13ms (P=0.03), PM preceded M1 by 180±40ms (P=0.001) and S1 activation preceded M1 by 136±40ms (P=0.04).
CONCLUSIONS
Sequential HG activation of PM, S1 and M1 regions in preparation for movements is reported. Activity in S1 prior to any overt body movements supports the notion that these neurons may encode sensory information in anticipation of movements, i.e., an efference copy. Our analysis suggests that S1 modulation likely originates from PM.
SIGNIFICANCE
First electrophysiological evidence of efference copy in humans.
目的
人类的自主运动是中枢神经系统多个感觉、认知和运动区域之间复杂相互作用的最终产物。本研究旨在探讨在有提示的手指运动过程中，运动前区（PM）、初级运动区（M1）和躯体感觉区（S1）激活的时间顺序。
方法
采用皮层脑电图（ECoG）测量5例因癫痫定位而植入硬膜下网格电极的受试者在准备手指运动时PM、S1和M1神经元的激活时间。皮层激活通过高伽马（HG）振荡（70 - 150Hz）的起始来确定。使用共同的脑图谱对这三个皮层区域进行解剖定位，并通过直接皮层电刺激、躯体感觉诱发电位以及对触觉刺激的HG反应检测进行独立验证。给予受试者视觉提示以弯曲每个手指或捏合拇指和食指。使用数据手套捕捉运动并与ECoG进行时间锁定。采用加窗协方差度量来识别两个电极之间HG功率的上升斜率并计算时间滞后。对时间估计应用统计约束以对抗噪声。采用秩和检验来验证5名受试者皮层区域的顺序激活。
结果
在所有5名受试者中，PM区的HG激活平均比S1区提前53±13毫秒（P = 0.03），PM区比M1区提前180±40毫秒（P = 0.001），S1区激活比M1区提前136±40毫秒（P = 0.04）。
结论
报告了在运动准备过程中PM、S1和M1区域的HG顺序激活。在任何明显的身体运动之前S1区的活动支持了这样一种观点，即这些神经元可能在预期运动时编码感觉信息，即传出副本。我们的分析表明S1调制可能起源于PM。
意义
首次获得人类传出副本的电生理证据。
Zotero 插件