Hsu Chia-Fen, Benikos Nicholas, Sonuga-Barke Edmund J S
Institute for Disorders of Impulse & Attention, Developmental Brain-Behaviour Laboratory, Psychology, University of Southampton, UK.
Institute for Disorders of Impulse & Attention, Developmental Brain-Behaviour Laboratory, Psychology, University of Southampton, UK; Department of Experimental Clinical & Health Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium.
Dev Cogn Neurosci. 2015 Apr;12:114-22. doi: 10.1016/j.dcn.2015.01.007. Epub 2015 Jan 29.
Spontaneous very low frequency oscillations (VLFO), seen in the resting brain, are attenuated when individuals are working on attention demanding tasks or waiting for rewards (Hsu et al., 2013). Individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) display excess VLFO when working on attention tasks. They also have difficulty waiting for rewards. Here we examined the waiting brain signature in ADHD and its association with impulsive choice.
DC-EEG from 21 children with ADHD and 21 controls (9-15 years) were collected under four conditions: (i) resting; (ii) choosing to wait; (iii) being "forced" to wait; and (iv) working on a reaction time task. A questionnaire measured two components of impulsive choice.
Significant VLFO reductions were observed in controls within anterior brain regions in both working and waiting conditions. Individuals with ADHD showed VLFO attenuation while working but to a reduced level and none at all when waiting. A closer inspection revealed an increase of VLFO activity in temporal regions during waiting. Excess VLFO activity during waiting was associated with parents' ratings of temporal discounting and delay aversion.
The results highlight the potential role for waiting-related spontaneous neural activity in the pathophysiology of impulsive decision-making of ADHD.
在静息大脑中可见的自发超低频振荡（VLFO），在个体执行需要注意力的任务或等待奖励时会减弱（Hsu等人，2013年）。患有注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的个体在执行注意力任务时表现出过多的VLFO。他们在等待奖励方面也有困难。在此，我们研究了ADHD患者等待时的大脑特征及其与冲动选择的关联。
收集了21名患有ADHD的儿童和2l名对照儿童（9 - 15岁）在四种条件下的直流电脑电图（DC - EEG）：（i）静息；（ii）选择等待；（iii）“被迫”等待；以及（iv）执行反应时任务。通过一份问卷测量冲动选择的两个组成部分。
在工作和等待条件下，对照组在前脑区域均观察到显著的VLFO降低。患有ADHD的个体在工作时表现出VLFO减弱，但程度较轻，而在等待时则完全没有。进一步检查发现，等待期间颞叶区域的VLFO活动增加。等待期间过多的VLFO活动与父母对时间折扣和延迟厌恶的评分相关。
这些结果突出了与等待相关的自发神经活动在ADHD冲动决策病理生理学中的潜在作用。
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