Unité de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses et tropicales émergentes, UMR63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, faculté de médecine, Aix-Marseille université, 27, boulevard Jean-Moulin, 13005 Marseille cedex 5, France.
Unité de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses et tropicales émergentes, UMR63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, faculté de médecine, Aix-Marseille université, 27, boulevard Jean-Moulin, 13005 Marseille cedex 5, France.
Med Mal Infect. 2015 Jan-Feb;45(1-2):9-16. doi: 10.1016/j.medmal.2015.01.007. Epub 2015 Feb 13.
The human mycobiome includes 390 fungal species detected on the skin, in the vagina, in the oral cavity, and in the digestive tract that includes 335 species and 158 genera. Among these, 221 species are found only in the digestive tract, 88 only in the oral cavity, and 26 in both. These species belong to 126 genera of yeast and filamentous fungi, of the Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Zygomycota phyla. Forty species were identified only by culture, 188 species by molecular techniques, and 19 species with both techniques. Fungal diversity does not differ significantly according to sex but Basidiobolus ranarum is significantly more prevalent in male individuals and Paecilomyces fumosoroseus in female individuals. Fungal diversity is significantly higher in adults than in infants. Only 42 species are identified in the course of inflammatory bowel disease, with 27 species specific to IBD. Twenty-nine are identified in HBV infected patients including 17 specific species, and 11 in HIV-infected patients with the specific Histoplasma capsulatum. Genotyping proved that the gut mycobiome was a source of fungal infection caused by Candida albicans and Candida glabrata. The authors suggest updating the repertoire of the human digestive tract in healthy individuals and patients. Fungal culturomics must be intensified to complete this repertoire.
人体真菌组包括在皮肤、阴道、口腔和消化道中检测到的 390 种真菌，其中包括 335 种和 158 属。在这些真菌中，有 221 种仅存在于消化道中，88 种仅存在于口腔中，26 种同时存在于消化道和口腔中。这些物种属于子囊菌门、担子菌门和接合菌门的酵母和丝状真菌 126 属。40 种仅通过培养鉴定，188 种通过分子技术鉴定，19 种同时通过两种技术鉴定。真菌多样性与性别无关，但 Basidiobolus ranarum 在男性个体中明显更为普遍，而 Paecilomyces fumosoroseus 在女性个体中更为普遍。真菌多样性在成年人中明显高于婴儿。在炎症性肠病过程中仅鉴定出 42 种，其中 27 种是 IBD 特有的。在乙型肝炎病毒感染患者中鉴定出 29 种，包括 17 种特异种，在人类免疫缺陷病毒感染患者中鉴定出 11 种 Histoplasma capsulatum。基因分型证明肠道真菌组是由白色念珠菌和光滑念珠菌引起的真菌感染的来源。作者建议更新健康个体和患者的人类消化道名录。必须加强真菌培养组学以完成该名录。
