Materials Science and Engineering Program & Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
Adv Mater. 2015 Mar 25;27(12):1980-2006. doi: 10.1002/adma.201405115. Epub 2015 Feb 17.
Development of advanced energy-storage systems for portable devices, electric vehicles, and grid storage must fulfill several requirements: low-cost, long life, acceptable safety, high energy, high power, and environmental benignity. With these requirements, lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries promise great potential to be the next-generation high-energy system. However, the practicality of Li-S technology is hindered by technical obstacles, such as short shelf and cycle life and low sulfur content/loading, arising from the shuttling of polysulfide intermediates between the cathode and anode and the poor electronic conductivity of S and the discharge product Li2 S. Much progress has been made during the past five years to circumvent these problems by employing sulfur-carbon or sulfur-polymer composite cathodes, novel cell configurations, and lithium-metal anode stabilization. This Progress Report highlights recent developments with special attention toward innovation in sulfur-encapsulation techniques, development of novel materials, and cell-component design. The scientific understanding and engineering concerns are discussed at the end in every developmental stage. The critical research directions needed and the remaining challenges to be addressed are summarized in the Conclusion.
为便携式设备、电动汽车和电网存储开发先进的储能系统必须满足以下要求：低成本、长寿命、可接受的安全性、高能量、高功率和环境友好性。基于这些要求，锂硫（Li-S）电池有望成为下一代高能量系统。然而，由于多硫化物中间体在阴极和阳极之间穿梭以及 S 和放电产物 Li2S 的电子传导性差，导致硫含量/负载低，Li-S 技术的实用性受到技术障碍的阻碍，其循环寿命和循环寿命较短。在过去的五年中，通过采用硫-碳或硫-聚合物复合材料阴极、新型电池结构和锂金属阳极稳定化，在克服这些问题方面取得了很大进展。本进展报告重点介绍了最近的发展情况，特别关注硫封装技术的创新、新型材料的开发和电池组件设计。在每个发展阶段的最后，都讨论了科学认识和工程关注。在结论中总结了需要的关键研究方向和需要解决的剩余挑战。
