CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
Biotechnol Adv. 2015 May-Aug;33(3-4):358-69. doi: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.02.006. Epub 2015 Feb 14.
Carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) are small components of several enzymes, which present an independent fold and function, and specific carbohydrate-binding activity. Their major function is to bind the enzyme to the substrate enhancing its catalytic activity, especially in the case of insoluble substrates. The immense diversity of CBMs, together with their unique properties, has long raised their attention for many biotechnological applications. Recombinant DNA technology has been used for cloning and characterizing new CBMs. In addition, it has been employed to improve the purity and availability of many CBMs, but mainly, to construct bi-functional CBM-fused proteins for specific applications. This review presents a comprehensive summary of the uses of CBMs recombinantly produced from heterologous organisms, or by the original host, along with the latest advances. Emphasis is given particularly to the applications of recombinant CBM-fusions in: (a) modification of fibers, (b) production, purification and immobilization of recombinant proteins, (c) functionalization of biomaterials and (d) development of microarrays and probes.
碳水化合物结合模块（CBMs）是几种酶的小组成部分，它们具有独立的折叠和功能，以及特定的碳水化合物结合活性。它们的主要功能是将酶与底物结合，增强其催化活性，特别是在不溶性底物的情况下。CBMs 的巨大多样性及其独特的特性长期以来引起了人们对许多生物技术应用的关注。重组 DNA 技术已被用于克隆和表征新的 CBMs。此外，它还被用于提高许多 CBMs 的纯度和可用性，但主要是用于构建用于特定应用的双功能 CBM 融合蛋白。本文综述了异源生物或原始宿主产生的重组 CBM 的用途，以及最新进展。特别强调了重组 CBM 融合在以下方面的应用：（a）纤维的修饰，（b）重组蛋白的生产、纯化和固定化，（c）生物材料的功能化，以及（d）微阵列和探针的开发。
