Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Front Genet. 2015 Feb 3;6:19. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00019. eCollection 2015.
Since the earliest observations of cells undergoing mitosis, it has been clear that there is an intimate relationship between the cell cycle and nuclear chromatin architecture. The nuclear envelope and chromatin undergo robust assembly and disassembly during the cell cycle, and transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of histone biogenesis and chromatin modification is controlled in a cell cycle-dependent manner. Chromatin binding proteins and chromatin modifications in turn influence the expression of critical cell cycle regulators, the accessibility of origins for DNA replication, DNA repair, and cell fate. In this review we aim to provide an integrated discussion of how the cell cycle machinery impacts nuclear architecture and vice-versa. We highlight recent advances in understanding cell cycle-dependent histone biogenesis and histone modification deposition, how cell cycle regulators control histone modifier activities, the contribution of chromatin modifications to origin firing for DNA replication, and newly identified roles for nucleoporins in regulating cell cycle gene expression, gene expression memory and differentiation. We close with a discussion of how cell cycle status may impact chromatin to influence cell fate decisions, under normal contexts of differentiation as well as in instances of cell fate reprogramming.
自从最早观察到有丝分裂的细胞以来，很明显细胞周期和核染色质结构之间存在密切关系。核膜和染色质在细胞周期中经历强烈的组装和拆卸，组蛋白生物发生和染色质修饰的转录后和转录后调控以细胞周期依赖性方式进行。染色质结合蛋白和染色质修饰反过来又影响关键细胞周期调节剂的表达、DNA 复制、DNA 修复和细胞命运的起始点的可及性。在这篇综述中，我们旨在提供一个综合讨论，说明细胞周期机制如何影响核结构，反之亦然。我们强调了在理解细胞周期依赖性组蛋白生物发生和组蛋白修饰沉积、细胞周期调节剂如何控制组蛋白修饰酶活性、染色质修饰对 DNA 复制起始点的贡献以及核孔蛋白在调节细胞周期基因表达、基因表达记忆和分化方面的新发现作用方面的最新进展。最后，我们讨论了细胞周期状态如何通过影响染色质来影响细胞命运决定，包括在分化的正常情况下以及在细胞命运重编程的情况下。
