Oki Masaya, Aihara Hitoshi, Ito Takashi
Department of Biochemistry, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan.
Subcell Biochem. 2007;41:319-36.
In eukaryotic cells, relaxed interphase chromatin undergoes pronounced changes resulting in formation of highly condensed mitotic chromosomes. Moreover, chromatin condensation is particularly evident during mitosis and apoptotic cell death, whereas chromatin relaxation is necessary for replication, repair, recombination and transcription. The post-translational modifications of histone tails such as reversible acetylation, phosphorylation and methylation play a critical role in dynamic condensation/relaxation that occurs during the cell cycle. Histone phosphorylation is believed to play a direct role in mitosis, cell death, repair, replication and recombination. However, definitive roles for this modification in these processes have not yet been elucidated. In this review, we discuss recent progress in studies of histone phosphorylation.
在真核细胞中，处于松弛状态的间期染色质会发生显著变化，从而形成高度浓缩的有丝分裂染色体。此外，染色质浓缩在有丝分裂和凋亡性细胞死亡过程中尤为明显，而染色质松弛对于复制、修复、重组和转录是必需的。组蛋白尾部的翻译后修饰，如可逆的乙酰化、磷酸化和甲基化，在细胞周期中发生的动态浓缩/松弛过程中起着关键作用。组蛋白磷酸化被认为在有丝分裂、细胞死亡、修复、复制和重组中发挥直接作用。然而，这种修饰在这些过程中的明确作用尚未阐明。在本综述中，我们讨论了组蛋白磷酸化研究的最新进展。
