Moss I R, Inman J G
Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235-9063.
J Appl Physiol (1985). 1989 Jul;67(1):1-13. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1989.67.1.1.
During ontogeny, the central nervous system undergoes neuronal growth, regression, and remodeling. The development of neurotransmitter and modulator systems is a plastic process with individual temporal characteristics for each system. These characteristics include the synthesis, degradation, or uptake of neurochemicals and, largely independently, the appearance of their receptors. Message transmission during ontogeny is compounded by the variable development of these systems and by the coexistence and cofunction among these chemicals. Nine neurochemical systems are discussed: adenosine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, opioids, prostaglandins, serotonin, progesterone, substance P, thyrotropin-releasing hormone, and the catecholamines. The possible role of each of these in natural perinatal respiratory control is evaluated according to predetermined criteria. These include the presence of a substance system in respiratory-related regions, physiologically appropriate changes in its concentration in these regions, elicitation of respiratory effects by agonists and antagonists, and abolition with an antagonist of the effect of a substance during its presumed activation by a physiological process. It is suggested that excessive levels of suppressant neuromodulators or an imbalance among neurochemicals can partly explain the special features of respiratory control in the perinatal period.
在个体发育过程中，中枢神经系统经历神经元的生长、退化和重塑。神经递质和调质系统的发育是一个具有可塑性的过程，每个系统都有其独特的时间特征。这些特征包括神经化学物质的合成、降解或摄取，以及在很大程度上独立的其受体的出现。个体发育过程中的信息传递因这些系统的不同发育以及这些化学物质之间的共存和协同作用而变得复杂。本文讨论了九个神经化学系统：腺苷、γ-氨基丁酸、阿片类物质、前列腺素、5-羟色胺、孕酮、P物质、促甲状腺激素释放激素和儿茶酚胺。根据预先确定的标准评估了它们各自在自然围产期呼吸控制中的可能作用。这些标准包括呼吸相关区域中物质系统的存在、该区域中其浓度的生理适当变化、激动剂和拮抗剂引起的呼吸效应，以及在生理过程假定激活物质时用拮抗剂消除其效应。有人提出，抑制性神经调质水平过高或神经化学物质之间的失衡可以部分解释围产期呼吸控制的特殊特征。
