Allinson Graeme, Zhang Pei, Bui AnhDuyen, Allinson Mayumi, Rose Gavin, Marshall Stephen, Pettigrove Vincent
School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia,
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2015 Jul;22(13):10214-26. doi: 10.1007/s11356-015-4206-3. Epub 2015 Feb 21.
Samples of water and sediments were collected from 24 urban wetlands in Melbourne, Australia, in April 2010, and tested for more than 90 pesticides using a range of gas chromatographic (GC) and liquid chromatographic (LC) techniques, sample 'hormonal' activity using yeast-based recombinant receptor-reporter gene bioassays, and trace metals using spectroscopic techniques. At the time of sampling, there was almost no estrogenic activity in the water column. Twenty-three different pesticide residues were observed in one or more water samples from the 24 wetlands; chemicals observed at more than 40% of sites were simazine (100%), atrazine (79%), and metalaxyl and terbutryn (46%). Using the toxicity unit (TU) concept, less than 15% of the detected pesticides were considered to pose an individual, short-term risk to fish or zooplankton in the ponds and wetlands. However, one pesticide (fenvalerate) may have posed a possible short-term risk to fish (log10TUf > -3), and three pesticides (azoxystrobin, fenamiphos and fenvalerate) may have posed a risk to zooplankton (logTUzp between -2 and -3); all the photosystem II (PSII) inhibiting herbicides may have posed a risk to primary producers in the ponds and wetlands (log10TUap and/or log10TUalg > -3). The wetland sediments were contaminated with 16 different pesticides; no chemicals were observed at more than one third of sites, but based on frequency of detection and concentrations, bifenthrin (33%, maximum 59 μg/kg) is the priority insecticide of concern for the sediments studied. Five sites returned a TU greater than the possible effect threshold (i.e. log10TU > 1) as a result of bifenthrin contamination of their sediments. Most sediments did not exceed Australian sediment quality guideline levels for trace metals. However, more than half of the sites had threshold effect concentration quotients (TECQ) values >1 for Cu (58%), Pb (50%), Ni (67%) and Zn (63%), and 75% of sites had mean probable effect concentration quotients (PECQ) >0.2, suggesting that the collected sediments may have been having some impact on sediment-dwelling organisms.
2010年4月，从澳大利亚墨尔本的24个城市湿地采集了水样和沉积物样本，使用一系列气相色谱（GC）和液相色谱（LC）技术检测了90多种农药，使用基于酵母的重组受体 - 报告基因生物测定法检测样本的“激素”活性，并使用光谱技术检测痕量金属。在采样时，水柱中几乎没有雌激素活性。在24个湿地的一个或多个水样中观察到23种不同的农药残留；在超过40%的采样点检测到的化学物质有西玛津（100%）、莠去津（79%）、甲霜灵和特丁净（46%）。使用毒性单位（TU）概念，检测到的农药中不到15%被认为对池塘和湿地中的鱼类或浮游动物构成个体短期风险。然而，一种农药（氰戊菊酯）可能对鱼类构成了可能的短期风险（log10TUf > -3），三种农药（嘧菌酯、苯线磷和氰戊菊酯）可能对浮游动物构成了风险（logTUzp在-2至-3之间）；所有抑制光系统II（PSII）的除草剂可能对池塘和湿地中的初级生产者构成了风险（log10TUap和/或log10TUalg > -3）。湿地沉积物受到16种不同农药的污染；在超过三分之一的采样点未观察到任何化学物质，但根据检测频率和浓度，联苯菊酯（33%，最高59μg/kg）是所研究沉积物中值得关注的首要杀虫剂。由于沉积物受到联苯菊酯污染，有5个采样点的TU值超过了可能效应阈值（即log10TU > 1）。大多数沉积物的痕量金属含量未超过澳大利亚沉积物质量指南水平。然而，超过一半的采样点铜（58%）、铅（50%）、镍（67%）和锌（63%）的阈值效应浓度商（TECQ）值>1，75%的采样点平均可能效应浓度商（PECQ）>0.2，这表明采集的沉积物可能已对底栖生物产生了一定影响。
