Álvarez-Herms J, Julià-Sánchez S, Hamlin M J, Corbi F, Pagès T, Viscor G
Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Diagonal Sud, Facultat de Biologia, Avinguda Diagonal, 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
Department of Tourism, Sport and Society, Faculty of Environment, Society and Design, Lincoln University, Christchurch, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand.
Physiol Behav. 2015 May 1;143:35-8. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.02.020. Epub 2015 Feb 17.
Scientific debate continues into whether hypoxic training has any performance benefit for athletes, and although this type of training seems popular, to our knowledge little empirical evidence on its popularity with endurance-based athletes exists. To quantify the usage of hypoxic training in endurance-based athletes we asked 203 athletes (amateur = 108, professional = 95) to complete a 17-question survey during 2013-2014 season. Compared to amateurs, professional athletes were 4.5 times (3.0-6.8, odds ratio, 95% confidence limits) more likely to undertake hypoxic training. Live-high train-low was the most popular hypoxic training protocol for athletes (52% professional and 80% amateur) with live-high train-high also used (38% professional, 20% amateur). Compared to amateurs, professional athletes tended to use evidence-based hypoxic training methods, seek advice on hypoxic training from reliable sources and were generally more realistic about the potential performance gains as a result of hypoxic training. Almost one third (25-30%) of all athletes suffered illness during their hypoxic training. Compared to amateurs, professional athletes are more likely to undertake hypoxic training and tend to follow current scientific guidelines. Attenuation of the ill effects that occur during hypoxic training may be accomplished if athletes give more attention to monitoring stress and training levels.
关于低氧训练对运动员的表现是否有任何益处，科学辩论仍在继续。尽管这种训练方式似乎很受欢迎，但据我们所知，几乎没有关于耐力项目运动员对其接受程度的实证证据。为了量化耐力项目运动员中低氧训练的使用情况，我们在2013 - 2014赛季让203名运动员（业余运动员 = 108名，职业运动员 = 95名）完成了一项包含17个问题的调查。与业余运动员相比，职业运动员进行低氧训练的可能性高出4.5倍（比值比为3.0 - 6.8，95%置信区间）。“高住低练”是运动员中最受欢迎的低氧训练方案（职业运动员中占52%，业余运动员中占80%），“高住高练”也有人采用（职业运动员中占38%，业余运动员中占20%）。与业余运动员相比，职业运动员倾向于采用基于证据的低氧训练方法，从可靠来源获取低氧训练方面的建议，并且对低氧训练可能带来的成绩提升总体上更现实。几乎三分之一（25 - 30%）的运动员在低氧训练期间患病。与业余运动员相比，职业运动员更有可能进行低氧训练，并且倾向于遵循当前的科学指导方针。如果运动员更加关注监测压力和训练水平，或许可以减轻低氧训练期间出现的不良影响。
