School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
School of Biomedical Science, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
Travel Med Infect Dis. 2016 May-Jun;14(3):200-11. doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2016.03.015. Epub 2016 Mar 31.
High altitude training is regarded as an integral component of modern athletic preparation, especially for endurance sports such as middle and long distance running. It has rapidly achieved popularity among elite endurance athletes and their coaches. Increased hypoxic stress at altitude facilitates key physiological adaptations within the athlete, which in turn may lead to improvements in sea-level athletic performance. Despite much research in this area to date, the exact mechanisms which underlie such improvements remain to be fully elucidated. This review describes the current understanding of physiological adaptation to high altitude training and its implications for athletic performance. It also discusses the rationale and main effects of different training models currently employed to maximise performance. Athletes who travel to altitude for training purposes are at risk of suffering the detrimental effects of altitude. Altitude illness, weight loss, immune suppression and sleep disturbance may serve to limit athletic performance. This review provides an overview of potential problems which an athlete may experience at altitude, and offers specific training recommendations so that these detrimental effects are minimised.
高海拔训练被视为现代运动准备的一个组成部分，特别是对于中长跑等耐力运动。它在精英耐力运动员及其教练中迅速流行起来。高海拔的缺氧应激促进了运动员体内的关键生理适应，从而可能提高海平面运动表现。尽管迄今为止在这一领域进行了大量研究，但支持这些改善的确切机制仍有待充分阐明。这篇综述描述了目前对高海拔训练的生理适应及其对运动表现的影响的理解。它还讨论了目前用于最大限度提高表现的不同训练模式的原理和主要效果。出于训练目的前往高海拔地区的运动员有患高原病的风险。高原病、体重减轻、免疫抑制和睡眠障碍可能会限制运动表现。这篇综述概述了运动员在高海拔地区可能遇到的潜在问题，并提供了具体的训练建议，以尽量减少这些不利影响。
