Hascalovitz Ann Chen, Obhi Sukhvinder S
Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge Cambridge, UK.
Social Brain, Body and Action Lab, Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Front Hum Neurosci. 2015 Feb 5;9:13. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00013. eCollection 2015.
When an individual estimates the temporal interval between a voluntary action and a consequent effect, their estimates are shorter than the real duration. This perceived shortening has been termed "intentional binding", and is often due to a shift in the perception of a voluntary action forward towards the effect and a shift in the perception of the effect back towards the action. Despite much work on binding, there is virtually no consideration of individual/personality differences and how they affect it. Narcissism is a psychological trait associated with an inflated sense of self, and individuals higher in levels of subclinical narcissism tend to see themselves as highly effective agents. Conversely, lower levels of narcissism may be associated with a reduced sense of agency. In this exploratory study, to assess whether individuals with different scores on a narcissism scale are associated with differences in intentional binding, we compared perceived times of actions and effects (tones) between participants with high, middle, and low scores on the narcissistic personality inventory (NPI). We hypothesized that participants with higher scores would show increased binding compared to participants with lower scores. We found that participants in our middle and high groups showed a similar degree of binding, which was significantly greater than the level of binding shown by participants with the lowest scores. To our knowledge, these results are the first to demonstrate that different scores on a personality scale are associated with changes in the phenomenological experience of action, and therefore underscore the importance of considering individual/personality differences in the study of volition. Our results also reinforce the notion that intentional binding is related to agency experience.
当一个人估计自主行动与其后续结果之间的时间间隔时，他们的估计会比实际持续时间短。这种感知到的时间缩短被称为“意向性联结”，通常是由于自主行动的感知向前朝着结果偏移，以及结果的感知向后朝着行动偏移所致。尽管在联结方面已经开展了大量研究，但几乎没有人考虑个体/人格差异以及它们如何影响联结。自恋是一种与自我膨胀感相关的心理特质，亚临床自恋水平较高的个体往往将自己视为高效的行动者。相反，自恋水平较低可能与行动感降低有关。在这项探索性研究中，为了评估自恋量表得分不同的个体是否与意向性联结的差异有关，我们比较了在自恋人格量表（NPI）上得分高、中、低的参与者对行动和结果（音调）的感知时间。我们假设得分较高的参与者与得分较低的参与者相比，会表现出更强的联结。我们发现，我们的中分组和高分组参与者表现出相似程度的联结，这显著高于得分最低的参与者所表现出的联结水平。据我们所知，这些结果首次表明人格量表上的不同得分与行动现象学体验的变化有关，因此凸显了在意志研究中考虑个体/人格差异的重要性。我们的结果还强化了意向性联结与行动体验相关的观点。
