Lüttjohann Annika, van Luijtelaar Gilles
Donders Centre for Cognition, Donders Instiute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Nijmegen, Netherlands ; Institute of Physiology I, Westfälische Wilhelms-University Münster Münster, Germany.
Donders Centre for Cognition, Donders Instiute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Nijmegen, Netherlands.
Front Physiol. 2015 Feb 5;6:16. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00016. eCollection 2015.
Network mechanisms relevant for the generation, maintenance and termination of spike-wave discharges (SWD), the neurophysiological hallmark of absence epilepsy, are still enigmatic and widely discussed. Within the last years, however, improvements in signal analytical techniques, applied to both animal and human fMRI, EEG, MEG, and ECoG data, greatly increased our understanding and challenged several, dogmatic concepts of SWD. This review will summarize these recent data, demonstrating that SWD are not primary generalized, are not sudden and unpredictable events. It will disentangle different functional contributions of structures within the cortico-thalamo-cortical system, relevant for the generation, generalization, maintenance, and termination of SWD and will present a new "network based" scenario for these oscillations. Similarities and differences between rodent and human data are presented demonstrating that in both species a local cortical onset zone of SWD exists, although with different locations; that in both some forms of cortical and thalamic precursor activity can be found, and that SWD occur through repetitive cyclic activity between cortex and thalamus. The focal onset zone in human data could differ between patients with varying spatial and temporal dynamics; in rats the latter is still poorly investigated.
与棘慢波放电（SWD）的产生、维持和终止相关的网络机制仍然是个谜，并且受到广泛讨论，而棘慢波放电是失神癫痫的神经生理学标志。然而，在过去几年中，应用于动物和人类功能磁共振成像（fMRI）、脑电图（EEG）、脑磁图（MEG）和皮层脑电图（ECoG）数据的信号分析技术的改进，极大地增进了我们的理解，并对一些关于棘慢波放电的教条式概念提出了挑战。本综述将总结这些最新数据，表明棘慢波放电并非原发性全身性的，也不是突然且不可预测的事件。它将厘清皮质 - 丘脑 - 皮质系统内各结构对于棘慢波放电的产生、扩散、维持和终止的不同功能贡献，并将为这些振荡呈现一个新的“基于网络”的情景。文中展示了啮齿动物和人类数据之间的异同，表明在这两个物种中都存在棘慢波放电的局部皮质起始区，尽管位置不同；在两者中都能发现某些形式的皮质和丘脑前驱活动，并且棘慢波放电是通过皮质和丘脑之间的重复循环活动发生的。人类数据中的局灶起始区在具有不同时空动态的患者之间可能有所不同；在大鼠中，这一点仍研究不足。
