Thompson Amanda L, Monteagudo-Mera Andrea, Cadenas Maria B, Lampl Michelle L, Azcarate-Peril M A
Department of Anthropology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Microbiome Core Facility, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2015 Feb 5;5:3. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2015.00003. eCollection 2015.
The development of the infant intestinal microbiome in response to dietary and other exposures may shape long-term metabolic and immune function. We examined differences in the community structure and function of the intestinal microbiome between four feeding groups, exclusively breastfed infants before introduction of solid foods (EBF), non-exclusively breastfed infants before introduction of solid foods (non-EBF), EBF infants after introduction of solid foods (EBF+S), and non-EBF infants after introduction of solid foods (non-EBF+S), and tested whether out-of-home daycare attendance was associated with differences in relative abundance of gut bacteria. Bacterial 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing was performed on 49 stool samples collected longitudinally from a cohort of 9 infants (5 male, 4 female). PICRUSt metabolic inference analysis was used to identify metabolic impacts of feeding practices on the infant gut microbiome. Sequencing data identified significant differences across groups defined by feeding and daycare attendance. Non-EBF and daycare-attending infants had higher diversity and species richness than EBF and non-daycare attending infants. The gut microbiome of EBF infants showed increased proportions of Bifidobacterium and lower abundance of Bacteroidetes and Clostridiales than non-EBF infants. PICRUSt analysis indicated that introduction of solid foods had a marginal impact on the microbiome of EBF infants (24 enzymes overrepresented in EBF+S infants). In contrast, over 200 bacterial gene categories were overrepresented in non-EBF+S compared to non-EBF infants including several bacterial methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCP) involved in signal transduction. The identified differences between EBF and non-EBF infants suggest that breast milk may provide the gut microbiome with a greater plasticity (despite having a lower phylogenetic diversity) that eases the transition into solid foods.
婴儿肠道微生物群因饮食和其他暴露因素而发生的发育变化，可能会塑造其长期的代谢和免疫功能。我们研究了四个喂养组之间肠道微生物群的群落结构和功能差异，这四个组分别为：引入固体食物前纯母乳喂养的婴儿（EBF）、引入固体食物前非纯母乳喂养的婴儿（非EBF）、引入固体食物后的EBF婴儿（EBF+S）以及引入固体食物后的非EBF婴儿（非EBF+S），并测试了家庭外日托出勤情况是否与肠道细菌相对丰度的差异有关。对从9名婴儿（5名男性，4名女性）队列中纵向收集的49份粪便样本进行了细菌16S rRNA扩增子测序。使用PICRUSt代谢推断分析来确定喂养方式对婴儿肠道微生物群的代谢影响。测序数据在由喂养和日托出勤定义的各组之间发现了显著差异。非EBF和参加日托的婴儿比EBF和不参加日托的婴儿具有更高的多样性和物种丰富度。与非EBF婴儿相比，EBF婴儿的肠道微生物群中双歧杆菌比例增加，拟杆菌门和梭菌目的丰度降低。PICRUSt分析表明，引入固体食物对EBF婴儿的微生物群有轻微影响（EBF+S婴儿中有24种酶过度表达）。相比之下，与非EBF婴儿相比，非EBF+S中有超过200种细菌基因类别过度表达，包括几种参与信号转导的细菌甲基接受趋化蛋白（MCP）。EBF和非EBF婴儿之间已确定的差异表明，母乳可能为肠道微生物群提供更大的可塑性（尽管系统发育多样性较低），从而便于向固体食物过渡。
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