Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain.
Pediatrics Service, Central University Hospital of Asturias (HUCA-SESPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain.
Nutrients. 2024 Jun 21;16(13):1976. doi: 10.3390/nu16131976.
The correct initial colonization and establishment of the gut microbiota during the early stages of life is a key step, with long-lasting consequences throughout the entire lifespan of the individual. This process is affected by several perinatal factors; among them, feeding mode is known to have a critical role. Breastfeeding is the optimal nutrition for neonates; however, it is not always possible, especially in cases of prematurity or early pathology. In such cases, most commonly babies are fed with infant formulas in spite of the official nutritional and health international organizations' recommendation on the use of donated human milk through milk banks for these cases. However, donated human milk still does not totally match maternal milk in terms of infant growth and gut microbiota development. The present review summarizes the practices of milk banks and hospitals regarding donated human milk, its safety and quality, and the health outcomes in infants fed with donated human milk. Additionally, we explore different alternatives to customize pasteurized donated human milk with the aim of finding the perfect match between each baby and banked milk for promoting the establishment of a beneficial gut microbiota from the early stages of life.
在生命早期，正确地初始定植和建立肠道微生物群是一个关键步骤，它会对个体的整个生命周期产生持久的影响。这一过程受到许多围产期因素的影响；其中，喂养方式被认为起着关键作用。母乳喂养是新生儿的最佳营养；然而，由于早产或早期疾病等原因，母乳喂养并非总是可行的。在这种情况下，婴儿通常会食用婴儿配方奶粉，尽管官方营养和健康国际组织建议在这种情况下通过母乳库使用捐赠的人乳。然而，就婴儿的生长和肠道微生物群发育而言，捐赠的人乳仍然与人乳不完全匹配。本综述总结了牛奶银行和医院在捐赠人乳方面的做法、其安全性和质量，以及用捐赠人乳喂养的婴儿的健康结果。此外，我们还探讨了不同的替代方案，以定制巴氏消毒的捐赠人乳，目的是在每个婴儿和储存的牛奶之间找到完美的匹配，从而从生命早期促进有益的肠道微生物群的建立。
