Fukuda David H
Inst of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL.
Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2015 Nov;10(8):1048-51. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2014-0463. Epub 2015 Feb 24.
The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate relative age effects (RAEs) in elite youth judo athletes from different chronological age groups, between sexes, and across weight categories. Data from 1542 place winners of the cadet (under 17 y, 2009-2013) and junior judo world championships (under 20/21 y, 1990-2013) were separated by birth month into quarters (Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4). The observed values were compared with expected annual age distributions using χ2 analyses, and odd ratios (OR) were used to evaluate effect sizes between quarters. The observed frequency of place winners was significantly different from the expected frequency for the age-group and sex comparisons and all body-mass groups (P < .05) with the exception of the extra-light categories (P = .572). When comparing Q1 with Q4 (OR, 95% confidence interval), small effect sizes were observed for cadets (1.72, 1.12-2.66), juniors (1.54, 1.23-1.94), males (1.75, 1.32-2.33), females (1.39, 1.03-1.87), and the light- (1.79, 1.21-2.64) and middle-weight (1.80, 1.20-2.70) categories. RAEs are apparent in cadet and junior judo athletes. Thus, coaches and administrators should consider the potential for physical and/or competitive advantages while adopting strategies that encourage long-term participation in youth judo athletes.
本研究的目的是评估不同实足年龄组、不同性别以及不同体重级别的精英青年柔道运动员的相对年龄效应（RAEs）。来自1542名少年（17岁以下，2009 - 2013年）和青年柔道世界锦标赛（20/21岁以下，1990 - 2013年）获奖者的数据按出生月份分为四个季度（Q1、Q2、Q3和Q4）。使用χ2分析将观察值与预期的年度年龄分布进行比较，并使用优势比（OR）来评估各季度之间的效应大小。除超轻量级组（P = 0.572）外，获奖者的观察频率与年龄组、性别比较以及所有体重组的预期频率均有显著差异（P < 0.05）。当比较Q1和Q4时（OR，95%置信区间），在少年组（1.72，1.12 - 2.66）、青年组（1.54，1.23 - 1.94）、男性（1.75，1.32 - 2.33）、女性（1.39，1.03 - 1.87）以及轻量级（1.79，1.21 - 2.64）和中量级（1.80，1.20 - 2.70）组别中观察到较小的效应大小。相对年龄效应在少年和青年柔道运动员中很明显。因此，教练和管理人员在采用鼓励青年柔道运动员长期参与的策略时，应考虑到身体和/或竞争优势的可能性。
