Giudicelli Bruno Barbosa, Luz Leonardo Gomes de Oliveira, Santos Douglas Henrique Bezerra, Sarmento Hugo, Massart Alain Guy Marie, Júnior Arnaldo Tenório da Cunha, Field Adam, Figueiredo António José Barata
Laboratory of Cineanthropometry, Physical Activity and Health Promotion (LACAPS), Federal University of Alagoas, Arapiraca, Brazil.
CIDAF (uid/dtp/04213/2019), Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
J Hum Kinet. 2021 Oct 31;80:139-151. doi: 10.2478/hukin-2021-0090. eCollection 2021 Oct.
Studies assessing age and maturation effects on morphological and physical performance measures of young judokas are scarce. This study aimed to assess the independent and combined effects of chronological age and biological maturation on anthropometry and physical performance of 67 judokas aged 11-14. Participants' anthropometric profiles were assessed, and physical performance tests were completed. Multivariate analyses of variance revealed an independent effect of age (anthropometry: F = 1.871; p < 0.05; Pillai's trace = 0.545; η = 0.272; physical performance: F = 2.876; p < 0.01; Pillai's trace = 0.509; η = 0.254) and maturity (anthropometry: F = 10.085; p < 0.01; Pillai's trace = 0.669; η = 0.669; physical performance: F = 11.700; p < 0.01; Pillai's trace = 0.581; η = 0.581). There was no significant combined effect of age and maturity. The maturation effect remained significant when controlled for age (anthropometry: F = 4.097; p < 0.01; Pillai's trace = 0.481; η = 0.481; physical performance: F = 3.859; p < 0.01; Pillai's trace = 0.0.318; η = 0.318). Inadolescent judokas, the maturation effect on growth and physical performance seems to be more relevant than the age effect, leading to the need to control this effect in training routines and competitive events. As in studies with youth soccer players and other youth athletes, bio-banding can be a strategy for controlling maturation in combat sports.
评估年龄和成熟度对年轻柔道运动员形态和身体表现指标影响的研究较少。本研究旨在评估实际年龄和生物成熟度对67名11至14岁柔道运动员人体测量学和身体表现的独立及综合影响。对参与者的人体测量特征进行了评估，并完成了身体表现测试。多变量方差分析显示年龄具有独立影响（人体测量学：F = 1.871；p < 0.05； Pillai迹 = 0.545；η = 0.272；身体表现：F = 2.876；p < 0.01；Pillai迹 = 0.509；η = 0.254）以及成熟度具有独立影响（人体测量学：F = 10.085；p < 0.01；Pillai迹 = 0.669；η = 0.669；身体表现：F = 11.700；p < 0.01；Pillai迹 = 0.581；η = 0.581）。年龄和成熟度没有显著的综合影响。在控制年龄后，成熟度的影响仍然显著（人体测量学：F = 4.097；p < 0.01；Pillai迹 = 0.481；η = 0.481；身体表现：F = 3.859；p < 0.01；Pillai迹 = 0.318；η = 0.318）。在青少年柔道运动员中，成熟度对生长和身体表现的影响似乎比年龄影响更为显著，这导致在训练计划和比赛项目中需要控制这种影响。与针对青少年足球运动员和其他青少年运动员的研究一样，生物分组可以作为格斗运动中控制成熟度的一种策略。
