Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences , University of Torino , Torino , Italy ; Department of Medical Sciences , University of Torino , Torino , Italy.
Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences , University of Torino , Torino , Italy.
Clin Kidney J. 2015 Feb;8(1):23-30. doi: 10.1093/ckj/sfu136. Epub 2014 Dec 30.
As in several body fluids, urine is a rich reservoir of extracellular vesicles (EVs) directly originating from cells facing the urinary lumen, including differentiated tubular cells, progenitor cells and infiltrating inflammatory cells. Several markers of glomerular and tubular damage, such as WT-1, ATF3 and NGAL, as well as of renal regeneration, such as CD133, have been identified representing an incredible source of information for diagnostic purposes. In addition, urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) appear to be involved in the cell-to-cell communication along the nephron, although this aspect needs further elucidation. Finally, uEVs emerge as potential amplifying or limiting factors in renal damage. Vesicles from injured cells may favour fibrosis and disease progression whereas those from cells with regenerative potential appear to promote cell survival. Here, we will discuss the most recent findings of the literature, on the light of the role of EVs in diagnosis and therapy for damage and repair of the renal tissue.
与几种体液类似，尿液是细胞外囊泡（EVs）的丰富来源，这些 EVs 直接来源于面对尿腔的细胞，包括分化的管状细胞、祖细胞和浸润的炎症细胞。已经鉴定出几种肾小球和肾小管损伤的标志物，如 WT-1、ATF3 和 NGAL，以及肾再生的标志物，如 CD133，它们代表了诊断目的的令人难以置信的信息来源。此外，尿细胞外囊泡（uEVs）似乎参与了沿着肾单位的细胞间通讯，尽管这一方面需要进一步阐明。最后，uEVs 似乎是肾损伤的潜在放大或限制因素。来自受损细胞的囊泡可能有利于纤维化和疾病进展，而来自具有再生潜力的细胞的囊泡似乎促进细胞存活。在这里，我们将根据 EVs 在诊断和治疗肾组织损伤和修复中的作用，讨论文献中的最新发现。
