Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain.
Cells. 2024 Jan 31;13(3):265. doi: 10.3390/cells13030265.
Effective intercellular communication is essential for cellular and tissue balance maintenance and response to challenges. Cellular communication methods involve direct cell contact or the release of biological molecules to cover short and long distances. However, a recent discovery in this communication network is the involvement of extracellular vesicles that host biological contents such as proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, influencing neighboring cells. These extracellular vesicles are found in body fluids; thus, they are considered as potential disease biomarkers. Cardiovascular diseases are significant contributors to global morbidity and mortality, encompassing conditions such as ischemic heart disease, cardiomyopathies, electrical heart diseases, and heart failure. Recent studies reveal the release of extracellular vesicles by cardiovascular cells, influencing normal cardiac function and structure. However, under pathological conditions, extracellular vesicles composition changes, contributing to the development of cardiovascular diseases. Investigating the loading of molecular cargo in these extracellular vesicles is essential for understanding their role in disease development. This review consolidates the latest insights into the role of extracellular vesicles in diagnosis and prognosis of cardiovascular diseases, exploring the potential applications of extracellular vesicles in personalized therapies, shedding light on the evolving landscape of cardiovascular medicine.
有效的细胞间通讯对于细胞和组织的平衡维持以及对挑战的反应至关重要。细胞通讯方法包括直接的细胞接触或释放生物分子来覆盖短距离和长距离。然而，在这个通讯网络中最近的一个发现是细胞外囊泡的参与，这些囊泡宿主生物分子，如蛋白质、核酸和脂质，影响邻近细胞。这些细胞外囊泡存在于体液中，因此被认为是潜在的疾病生物标志物。心血管疾病是全球发病率和死亡率的重要原因，包括缺血性心脏病、心肌病、心脏电疾病和心力衰竭等疾病。最近的研究揭示了心血管细胞释放细胞外囊泡，影响正常的心脏功能和结构。然而，在病理条件下，细胞外囊泡的组成发生变化，导致心血管疾病的发展。研究这些细胞外囊泡中分子货物的装载对于了解它们在疾病发展中的作用至关重要。本综述总结了细胞外囊泡在心血管疾病诊断和预后中的最新研究进展，探讨了细胞外囊泡在个体化治疗中的潜在应用，揭示了心血管医学不断发展的前景。
