Kramer Robin S S
School of Psychology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK; Department of Psychology, University of York, York, UK.
Evol Psychol. 2015 Feb 25;13(1):197-209. doi: 10.1177/147470491501300112.
Evidence that facial width-to-height ratio (FWHR) is a sexually dimorphic morphological measure is mixed. Research has also linked FWHR with aggression and other behavioral tendencies, at least in men. Again, other research has found no such relationship. Here, I tested for both possible relationships using a sample of 2,075 male and 1,406 female athletes from the Glasgow 2014 Commonwealth Games. Men showed significantly greater FWHRs than women, but this difference could be attributed to differences in body size. In addition, I found greater FWHRs in men who competed in sports involving physical contact and those stereotyped as more masculine. Again, these results could be attributed to differences in body size between categories. For women, no differences in FWHR were found regarding the amount of contact involved in a sport and how that sport was stereotyped. Finally, the FWHRs of athletes showed no relationship with the amount of aggression and related traits that were judged as required for success in those sports, although FWHRs did correlate with perceived endurance demands in women. Therefore, in a large sample of athletes, the sex difference in FWHR could be attributed to body size, and little support was found for the predicted links between this facial measure and behavior.
面部宽高比（FWHR）是一种具有性别差异的形态学指标，相关证据并不一致。研究还将FWHR与攻击性及其他行为倾向联系起来，至少在男性中如此。同样，其他研究并未发现此类关系。在此，我以2014年格拉斯哥英联邦运动会的2075名男性运动员和1406名女性运动员为样本，对这两种可能的关系进行了测试。男性的FWHR显著高于女性，但这种差异可能归因于体型差异。此外，我发现参加身体接触类运动以及那些被刻板认为更具男子气概的男性的FWHR更大。同样，这些结果可能归因于不同类别之间的体型差异。对于女性而言，未发现FWHR在运动中的身体接触程度以及该运动的刻板印象方面存在差异。最后，运动员的FWHR与那些被认为是在这些运动中取得成功所需的攻击性及相关特质的程度并无关联，尽管FWHR确实与女性所感知的耐力需求相关。因此，在一个大型运动员样本中，FWHR的性别差异可归因于体型，并且几乎没有证据支持这种面部指标与行为之间的预测联系。
