Zandt Bas-jan, ten Haken Bennie, van Putten Michel J A M, Dahlem Markus A
Rev Neurosci. 2015;26(2):183-98. doi: 10.1515/revneuro-2014-0069.
Spreading depression (SD) is a wave phenomenon in gray matter tissue. Locally, it is characterized by massive redistribution of ions across cell membranes. As a consequence, there is sustained membrane depolarization and tissue polarization that depress any normal electrical activity. Despite these dramatic events, SD remains difficult to observe in humans noninvasively, which, for long, has slowed advances in this field. The growing appreciation of its clinical importance in migraine and stroke is therefore consistent with an increasing need for computational methods that tackle the complexity of the problem at multiple levels. In this review, we focus on mathematical tools to investigate the question of spread and its two complementary aspects: What are the physiological mechanisms and what is the spatial extent of SD in the cortex? This review discusses two types of models used to study these two questions, namely, Hodgkin-Huxley type and generic activator-inhibitor models, and the recent advances in techniques to link them.
扩散性抑制（SD）是灰质组织中的一种波现象。在局部，其特征是离子在细胞膜上的大量重新分布。结果，出现持续的膜去极化和组织极化，抑制任何正常的电活动。尽管发生了这些显著事件，但在人类中仍难以通过非侵入性方法观察到SD，长期以来，这一直减缓了该领域的进展。因此，对其在偏头痛和中风中的临床重要性的日益认识，与对能够在多个层面解决该问题复杂性的计算方法的需求不断增加是一致的。在本综述中，我们专注于数学工具，以研究扩散问题及其两个互补方面：SD在皮层中的生理机制是什么以及其空间范围是多少？本综述讨论了用于研究这两个问题的两种模型，即霍奇金 - 赫胥黎型模型和通用激活剂 - 抑制剂模型，以及将它们联系起来的技术的最新进展。
