Perez Eddy, Pacheco Luis F
Rev Biol Trop. 2014 Dec;62(4):1495-507.
Wildlife is often blamed for causing damage to human activities, including agricultural practices and the result may be a conflict between human interests and species conservation. A formal assessment of the magnitude of damage is necessary to adequately conduct management practices and an assessment of the efficiency of different management practices is necessary to enable managers to mitigate the conflict with rural people. This study was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of agricultural management practices and controlled hunting in reducing damage to subsistence annual crops at the Cotapata National Park and Natural Area of Integrated Management. The design included seven fields with modified agricultural practices, four fields subjected to control hunting, and five fields held as controls. We registered cultivar type, density, frequency of visiting species to the field, crops lost to wildlife, species responsible for damage, and crop biomass. Most frequent species in the fields were Dasyprocta punctata and Dasypus novemcinctus. Hunted plots were visited 1.6 times more frequently than agriculturally managed plots. Crop lost to wildlife averaged 7.28% at agriculturally managed plots, 4.59% in plots subjected to hunting, and 27.61% in control plots. Species mainly responsible for damage were Pecari tajacu, D. punctata, and Sapajus apella. We concluded that both management strategies were effective to reduce damage by >50% as compared to unmanaged crop plots.
野生动物常被指责对人类活动造成破坏，包括农业生产，其结果可能是人类利益与物种保护之间的冲突。对破坏程度进行正式评估对于充分开展管理措施是必要的，而评估不同管理措施的效率对于管理者减轻与农村居民的冲突是必要的。本研究旨在评估农业管理措施和控制狩猎在减少科塔帕塔国家公园及综合管理自然区对自给性一年生作物造成破坏方面的有效性。该设计包括七个采用改良农业措施的田地、四个进行控制狩猎的田地以及五个作为对照的田地。我们记录了作物品种类型、密度、物种到田地的访问频率、被野生动物损失的作物、造成破坏的物种以及作物生物量。田地里最常见的物种是斑点豚鼠和九带犰狳。进行狩猎的地块被访问的频率比采用农业管理的地块高1.6倍。在采用农业管理的地块中，被野生动物损失的作物平均为7.28%，在进行狩猎的地块中为4.59%，在对照地块中为27.61%。造成破坏的主要物种是白唇西貒、斑点豚鼠和褐喉卷尾猴。我们得出结论，与未管理的作物地块相比，这两种管理策略在减少破坏方面都有效，减少幅度超过50%。
