Hester J A
Milbank Mem Fund Q Health Soc. 1979 Summer;57(3):388-411.
Much that has been written about the concept, operation, and performance of HMOs--their use of resources compared with other health service systems--masks the real differences among HMOs themselves. Investigation of autonomous units within a unified HMO program shows a surprising diversity. Analytic formulations drawn from long-term and large-scale research fail to account for variations in staffing, budgeting, rate setting, and expansion when applied to institutional research. Judgment of intangibles remains a key aspect of most major decisions.
许多关于健康维护组织（HMOs）的概念、运作和绩效——与其他医疗服务系统相比它们对资源的利用——的描述掩盖了HMOs自身之间的真正差异。对统一的HMO项目中的自治单位进行调查显示出惊人的多样性。从长期和大规模研究中得出的分析公式在应用于机构研究时，无法解释人员配备、预算编制、费率设定和扩张方面的差异。对无形资产的判断仍然是大多数重大决策的关键方面。
