Rutishauser M
Ther Umsch. 1989 Sep;46(9):610-8.
Bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis are the most common chronic diseases in childhood. On the bases of bronchial hyperreactivity many factors can trigger asthma. In children at preschool and school age allergy plays the most important role. The typical asthmatic attack is rarely missed, but frequently recurrent, irritant coughs at night or after physical exercise are misinterpreted. In the present article clinical picture, diagnosis and today's treatment of allergic asthma are discussed. The most important therapy consists of inhalation with efficacious drugs at the time of an acute attack and is continued as a prophylaxis in cases of perennial asthma. Allergic rhinitis does fortunately not take the threatening course of asthma, but its symptoms can reduce the well-being and the quality of life of a child. The diagnosis of allergic rhinitis is easy and rarely missed. The current therapy - like asthma-therapy - consists of avoidance of any known provoking factors in addition to topical application of drugs interacting with mast-cells and corticosteroids and to oral non-sedative histamines.
支气管哮喘和过敏性鼻炎是儿童期最常见的慢性疾病。基于支气管高反应性，多种因素可引发哮喘。在学龄前和学龄儿童中，过敏起着最重要的作用。典型的哮喘发作很少被漏诊，但经常复发，夜间或体育锻炼后的刺激性咳嗽常被误解。本文讨论了过敏性哮喘的临床表现、诊断及当前的治疗方法。最重要的治疗方法是在急性发作时吸入有效药物，并在常年性哮喘病例中持续作为预防措施。幸运的是，过敏性鼻炎不会像哮喘那样发展成威胁生命的疾病，但其症状会降低儿童的幸福感和生活质量。过敏性鼻炎的诊断很容易，很少被漏诊。目前的治疗方法——与哮喘治疗一样——除了局部应用与肥大细胞相互作用的药物、皮质类固醇以及口服非镇静性组胺外，还包括避免任何已知的诱发因素。
