Graf R, Gossrau R, Frank H G
Department of Anatomy, Free University of Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany.
Anat Embryol (Berl). 1989;180(2):121-30. doi: 10.1007/BF00309763.
Administration of the synthetic glucocorticoids dexamethasone and triamcinolone to pregnant rats between gestational day (GD) 16 and 20 caused dose-dependent placental lesions on GD 21 and 22 which were detected by morphological, histochemical and immunohistochemical means. Maternal blood spaces, trophoblast layer and fetal blood vessels were altered primarily in the centre of the placental labyrinth. Less severe changes were found in the junctional zone, chorionic plate and intraplacental yolk sac. On GD 21, low doses increased the amount of glycogen, while high doses induced a loss of glycogen. gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity was increased in the spongiotrophoblast and the labyrinthic trophoblast and dipeptidyl peptidase IV activity in fetal capillary endothelium, whereas alpha-glutamyl aminopeptidase and microsomal alanyl amino-peptidase were not affected. Additionally, in the fetal capillary endothelium an increase of immunoreactivity for the von Willebrand factor occurred. These data suggest that synthetic glucocorticoids affect placental tissues at different and rather specific levels, which may in turn disturb placental function and contribute to fetal maldevelopment.
在妊娠第16至20天给怀孕大鼠注射合成糖皮质激素地塞米松和曲安西龙，在妊娠第21和22天会导致剂量依赖性胎盘损伤，这些损伤可通过形态学、组织化学和免疫组织化学方法检测到。母体血窦、滋养层和胎儿血管主要在胎盘迷路中心发生改变。在交界区、绒毛板和胎盘内卵黄囊中发现的变化较轻。在妊娠第21天，低剂量增加了糖原量，而高剂量则导致糖原丢失。γ-谷氨酰转肽酶活性在海绵滋养层和迷路滋养层中增加，胎儿毛细血管内皮中的二肽基肽酶IV活性增加，而α-谷氨酰氨基肽酶和微粒体丙氨酰氨基肽酶不受影响。此外，胎儿毛细血管内皮中血管性血友病因子的免疫反应性增加。这些数据表明，合成糖皮质激素在不同且相当特定的水平上影响胎盘组织，这反过来可能会扰乱胎盘功能并导致胎儿发育异常。
